Eghlima Ghasem, Sonboli Ali, Mirjalili Mohammad Hossein
Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 11;15(1):5083. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89786-4.
Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn (Family 'Apiaceae') is a crop rich in essential oil and widely used in food and perfume industries. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of phytochemical traits and antimicrobial potency in G. platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn populations collected from fourteen geographical regions in Iran. The aim was to identify the compounds of the essential oil and extract of the aerial parts, to investigate its antimicrobial properties, and to select the best population for domestication, cultivation and future breeding programs. The aerial parts of the plant were used to extract and determine the content and constituents of the essential oil. The essential oil content (EOC) exhibited a range from 0.09 to 0.46%. TAK population showed the maximum and QAS population revealed the minimum EOC. Based on GC-MS and GC analysis, 91.63 to 98.50% of the essential compounds of different populations of G. platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn were identified. The main chemical groups identified in the essential oil include hydrocarbon monoterpenes (22.79-46.15%), oxygenated monoterpenes (0.87-31.05%), hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (25.50-61.04%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (5.75-19.52%). Based on the results, (Z, E)-α-Farnesene (13.29-53.71%), linalool (0.44-30.56%), limonene (5.84-31.14%), α-Farnesene (0.71-22.39%), β-pinene (5.10-18.48%), and Caryophyllene (2.95-17.87%) were the major compounds of the essential oil. Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin were detected as the major phenolic compounds using HPLC. The essential oil of ABH, JOL and GAR populations as well as the extracts of MAG, OSH and JOL populations showed great antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The high diversity observed among different populations of G. platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn provides good potential for selecting the best populations and using them in domestication projects, cultivation, and breeding programs.
宽果沙茴香（Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn，伞形科）是一种富含精油的作物，广泛应用于食品和香水行业。本研究旨在调查从伊朗14个地理区域采集的宽果沙茴香种群的植物化学特征多样性和抗菌效力。目的是鉴定地上部分精油和提取物中的化合物，研究其抗菌特性，并选择最佳种群用于驯化、栽培和未来的育种计划。使用植物地上部分提取并测定精油的含量和成分。精油含量（EOC）在0.09%至0.46%之间。TAK种群的精油含量最高，QAS种群的精油含量最低。基于气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和气相色谱（GC）分析，鉴定出了宽果沙茴香不同种群91.63%至98.50%的主要化合物。精油中鉴定出的主要化学类别包括单萜烃类（22.79%-46.15%）、氧化单萜类（0.87%-31.05%）、倍半萜烃类（25.50%-61.04%）和氧化倍半萜类（5.75%-19.52%）。根据结果，（Z,E）-α-法尼烯（13.29%-53.71%）、芳樟醇（0.44%-30.56%）、柠檬烯（5.84%-31.14%）、α-法尼烯（0.71%-22.39%）、β-蒎烯（5.10%-18.48%）和石竹烯（2.95%-17.87%）是精油的主要成分。使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测到绿原酸、阿魏酸和芦丁是主要酚类化合物。ABH、JOL和GAR种群的精油以及MAG、OSH和JOL种群的提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出很强的抗菌活性。在宽果沙茴香不同种群中观察到的高度多样性为选择最佳种群并将其用于驯化项目、栽培和育种计划提供了良好潜力。
