Sato Hirotoshi, Satomi Otomi, Sugiyama Yoriko
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 12;20(2):e0302695. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302695. eCollection 2025.
We describe two new species, Entoloma. kermesinum sp. nov. and E. flavescens sp. nov., which are confused with E. quadratum and E. murrayi, respectively. We sequenced the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region and 22 single-copy genes for 51 specimens of E. kermesinum, E. flavescens, E. album, and related species. Species boundaries were assessed using the molecular phylogenetics and population genetics approaches. Specimens of E. kermesinum, E. flavescens, and E. album formed independent clades, which were phylogenetically distinct from the specimens of E. quadratum and E. murrayi collected around the type locality (i.e., New England). Although the phylogenetic distance between E. flavescens and E. album was small, gene flow between them was restricted in areas where they coexisted, suggesting reproductive isolation. Therefore, these five species can be treated as independent species. We found characteristics useful for identifying E. kermesinum and E. flavescens. In particular, E. kermesinum is characterized by a crimson to brown-red and fibrillose pileus, finely covered by whitish fibrous scales; E. flavescens is characterized by a lemon-yellow to tan and shiny-to-silky pileus. In addition, relatively large basidiospores and clamp connections are diagnostic features of these two species.
我们描述了两个新物种，即朱红粉褶菌（Entoloma kermesinum sp. nov.）和淡黄粉褶菌（E. flavescens sp. nov.），它们分别容易与方孢粉褶菌（E. quadratum）和默里粉褶菌（E. murrayi）混淆。我们对51个朱红粉褶菌、淡黄粉褶菌、白色粉褶菌（E. album）及相关物种的标本，进行了线粒体核糖体RNA大亚基、核糖体DNA内转录间隔区以及22个单拷贝基因的测序。使用分子系统发育学和群体遗传学方法评估物种界限。朱红粉褶菌、淡黄粉褶菌和白色粉褶菌的标本形成了独立的分支，在系统发育上与在模式产地（即新英格兰）附近采集的方孢粉褶菌和默里粉褶菌标本不同。尽管淡黄粉褶菌和白色粉褶菌之间的系统发育距离较小，但在它们共存的区域，它们之间的基因流动受到限制，这表明存在生殖隔离。因此，这五个物种可视为独立物种。我们发现了有助于识别朱红粉褶菌和淡黄粉褶菌的特征。特别是，朱红粉褶菌的特征是菌盖呈深红色至棕红色且具纤维状，表面密布白色纤维状鳞片；淡黄粉褶菌的特征是菌盖呈柠檬黄色至棕褐色，有光泽至丝滑。此外，相对较大的担孢子和锁状联合是这两个物种的诊断特征。
