Žuža Praštalo Milena, Pokimica Biljana, Arsić Aleksandra, Ilich Jasminka Z, Vučić Vesna
Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 26;17(3):456. doi: 10.3390/nu17030456.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The most common type of breast cancer (BRC) in women is estrogen/progesterone receptor positive. First-line treatment includes endocrine therapy, either with aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen to reduce estrogen levels. Among the side effects produced by this treatment, aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia is the most common, affecting the patients' overall health and quality of life (QoL). The objectives here were to evaluate interventions examining the impact of modified diets, supplements, and/or some food components on health outcomes in BRC patients undergoing endocrine therapy.
The literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from June 2024, as well as manually, through the end of November 2024. The search was limited to studies of women diagnosed with estrogen/progesterone-receptor-positive BRC with selected articles reporting interventions with diet, food, or supplement intake and examining the relevant health outcomes. Studies not focusing on BRC patients undergoing endocrine therapy or not including specific health outcomes were excluded.
The search uncovered 1028 studies; after the removal of duplicates, abstracts, and irrelevant studies, 53 were closely examined, with 26 evaluated and presented here. The outcomes were changes in bone and body composition, cardiovascular disease risks, inflammation, and QoL.
The examined evidence suggests that adherence to dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean or a low-fat diet, and a higher intake of fruits and vegetables were beneficial for various outcomes. Additionally, supplementation with some foods/components (dried plum, red clover) contributed to improving/maintaining bone and body composition, especially in overweight/obese patients. Supplementation with vitamin D or omega-3 improved lipid and angiogenic parameters and QoL. Although these results are promising, the effects of each supplement/food cannot be summarized due to the diverse nature of study designs, patients, and supplement dosages. Further studies are needed to explore the effects of specific nutritional interventions (including the newest, like fasting-mimicking diets and whole-grain cereal diets) on various health outcomes in BRC survivors during endocrine therapy, and to derive universal recommendations.
背景/目的：女性中最常见的乳腺癌类型是雌激素/孕激素受体阳性。一线治疗包括内分泌治疗，使用芳香化酶抑制剂或他莫昔芬来降低雌激素水平。在这种治疗产生的副作用中，芳香化酶抑制剂引起的关节痛最为常见，会影响患者的整体健康和生活质量（QoL）。这里的目的是评估一些干预措施，这些措施研究了改良饮食、补充剂和/或某些食物成分对接受内分泌治疗的乳腺癌患者健康结果的影响。
2024年6月在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库进行了文献检索，并手动检索至2024年11月底。检索仅限于诊断为雌激素/孕激素受体阳性乳腺癌的女性研究，所选文章报告了饮食、食物或补充剂摄入的干预措施，并研究了相关的健康结果。未聚焦于接受内分泌治疗的乳腺癌患者或未包括特定健康结果的研究被排除。
检索到1028项研究；在去除重复项、摘要和不相关研究后，对53项进行了仔细审查，其中26项进行了评估并在此呈现。结果包括骨骼和身体成分的变化、心血管疾病风险、炎症和生活质量。
所审查的证据表明，坚持地中海或低脂等饮食模式，以及增加水果和蔬菜的摄入量，对各种结果有益。此外，补充一些食物/成分（李子干、红三叶草）有助于改善/维持骨骼和身体成分，尤其是超重/肥胖患者。补充维生素D或ω-3可改善脂质和血管生成参数以及生活质量。尽管这些结果很有前景，但由于研究设计、患者和补充剂剂量的多样性，无法总结每种补充剂/食物的效果。需要进一步研究探索特定营养干预措施（包括最新的，如模拟禁食饮食和全谷物谷物饮食）对内分泌治疗期间乳腺癌幸存者各种健康结果的影响，并得出通用建议。
