Rubio Luis A, Chiesa Giulia
Department of Animal Nutrition and Sustainable Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidin (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 31;17(3):551. doi: 10.3390/nu17030551.
Previous work has shown that the mostly beneficial modulation of intestinal microbiota generally found with legume-based diets is likely to be due, at least in part, to their constituent protein components.
The faecal microbiota composition was studied in rats fed diets differing only in their constituent proteins.
Rats ( = 10/group) were fed for 28 days diets based in milk [(lactalbumin (LA), casein (CAS)], or white lupin () protein isolate (LPI).
Significant differences among the three groups in bacteria composition and functionality were found by both qPCR and Illumina sequencing analysis. Significant ( < 0.01) differences were found by ANOSIM and Discriminant Analysis among groups at the family, genus and species levels in both microbiota composition and functionality. A number of groups able to explain the differences between animal (casein, lactalbumin) and lupin proteins were revealed by LEfSe and PCA analysis. Specifically, feeding the CAS diet resulted in lower and compared to the other diets, and the LPI diet gave place to lower than CAS, and lower / than LA and CAS. Differences in the LA group were attributable to spp., spp. (in particular ), spp., spp. (in particular ), spp. (in particular ), and spp. In the case of the CAS group, the organisms were spp., spp., spp., spp., species from , species from and , spp. and spp. In the case of the LPI group, the organisms were spp. ( spp. and ), species from , species from , species from , and spp.
Based on the results obtained, LPI is likely to beneficially modulate the intestinal microbiota composition in rats. Additionally, LA-based diet was associated to a healthier microbiota composition than CAS, although the CAS diet also modulated the intestinal microbiota to a composition compatible with improved bowel movement frequency and lipid metabolism.
先前的研究表明，以豆类为基础的饮食通常对肠道微生物群具有有益的调节作用，这至少部分可能归因于其所含的蛋白质成分。
研究仅蛋白质成分不同的饮食喂养大鼠后粪便微生物群的组成。
将大鼠（每组 = 10只）喂养28天，饮食分别基于牛奶[乳白蛋白（LA）、酪蛋白（CAS）]或白羽扇豆（）蛋白分离物（LPI）。
通过qPCR和Illumina测序分析发现，三组之间在细菌组成和功能上存在显著差异。在微生物群组成和功能的家族、属和种水平上，ANOSIM和判别分析发现组间存在显著（<0.01）差异。LEfSe和PCA分析揭示了一些能够解释动物（酪蛋白、乳白蛋白）和羽扇豆蛋白之间差异的菌群。具体而言，与其他饮食相比，喂养CAS饮食导致较低的 和 ，而LPI饮食导致低于CAS的 ，以及低于LA和CAS的 / 。LA组的差异归因于 属、 属（特别是 ）、 属、 属（特别是 ）和 属（特别是 ）。在CAS组中，相关微生物有 属、 属、 属、 属、 属的物种、 属的物种、 属的物种、 属和 属。在LPI组中，相关微生物有 属（ 属 和 ）、 属的物种、 属的物种、 属的物种和 属。
根据所得结果，LPI可能对大鼠肠道微生物群组成产生有益调节作用。此外，基于LA的饮食与比CAS更健康的微生物群组成相关，尽管CAS饮食也将肠道微生物群调节为与改善排便频率和脂质代谢相适应的组成。
