Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria, Zydek Grzegorz, Michalczyk Małgorzata Magdalena, Kardas Marek
Department of Food Technology and Quality Evaluation, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2024 Dec 6;95:259-272. doi: 10.5114/jhk/194464. eCollection 2025 Jan.
In the field of mental health, eating disorders (EDs) are an important subject of research, especially regarding athletes. This study examined the risk of EDs, orthorexia nervosa (ON), and body perception among elite soccer players, focusing on the impact of body composition. Conducted from March to April 2024 with 51 players from the elite and 1 division clubs, the research utilized the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS), and the Body Esteem Scale (BES) alongside body composition analysis via Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (DSM-BIA). Findings indicated a significant prevalence of ED risk among players, with more than half showing potential symptoms. Body composition analyses revealed that players with a higher fat mass had an increased ED risk, while muscle mass did not correlate significantly with ED attitudes. Regarding ON, approximately one-third of athletes were at risk, although no significant relationship was found between ON and body composition variables. In terms of body image, players generally viewed their bodies moderately, rating physical fitness, sex drive, and health positively. However, a higher body fat was associated with lower ratings in upper body strength, indicating perceived physical limitations. This study highlights the necessity for targeted interventions to manage the high prevalence of EDs among elite soccer players and promote healthier body image perceptions, emphasizing the low relationship between body esteem and the likelihood of developing EDs or ON.
在心理健康领域，饮食失调是一个重要的研究课题，尤其是对于运动员而言。本研究调查了精英足球运动员中饮食失调、orthorexia nervosa（ON，健康食品强迫症）和身体认知的风险，重点关注身体成分的影响。该研究于2024年3月至4月对来自精英俱乐部和一级联赛俱乐部的51名球员进行，研究采用了饮食态度测试（EAT - 26）、杜塞尔多夫健康食品强迫症量表（DOS）和身体自尊量表（BES），并通过直接分段多频生物电阻抗分析（DSM - BIA）进行身体成分分析。研究结果表明，球员中饮食失调风险的患病率很高，超过一半的人表现出潜在症状。身体成分分析显示，脂肪量较高的球员饮食失调风险增加，而肌肉量与饮食失调态度没有显著相关性。关于健康食品强迫症，约三分之一的运动员有风险，尽管未发现健康食品强迫症与身体成分变量之间存在显著关系。在身体形象方面，球员总体上对自己的身体看法适中，对身体素质、性欲和健康给予积极评价。然而，较高的体脂与上身力量评分较低有关，表明存在身体感知上的限制。这项研究强调了有针对性干预措施的必要性，以应对精英足球运动员中饮食失调的高患病率，并促进更健康的身体形象认知，强调身体自尊与饮食失调或健康食品强迫症发生可能性之间的低相关性。
