Mathunny Manju Mariam Stephen, Sivakumar Ramakrishnan, Padmakumar Sreenivasan Kamalamma
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2024 Oct-Dec;28(4):565-569. doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_109_24. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
Lip and oral cavity cancers are among the top 10 cancer causes and mortality globally. Some countries in the Indian subcontinent bear a disproportionately higher burden of lip and oral cavity cancers. Detailed analysis of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent using all available data is important for effective policy planning. This paper aims to summarise the total burden of lip and oral cavity cancer and compare it across countries within the Indian subcontinent.
Data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study were extracted to analyse cancer incidence, prevalence, mortality and cancer risk before reaching 74 years. Furthermore, summary estimates of years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers were extracted from the GBD database. The data of individual countries within the Indian subcontinent were used for comparison.
The estimated number of deaths from lip and oral cavity cancers for 2019 was 90732 in the Indian subcontinent. The Indian subcontinent accounted for 45.3% of the deaths attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers. The incidence of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent ranged from 3.18 per 100,000 population in Maldives to 12.76 per 100,000 population in Pakistan. The incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer in India was 7.54 per 100,000 population. However, due to the population size, India accounted for 104837 incident cases of lip and oral cavity cancers annually. The estimated number of prevalent and incident cases of lip and oral cavity cancers from the Indian subcontinent in 2019 was 0.46 million (30% of overall cases globally) and 0.15 million (39% of incident cases globally), respectively. The Indian subcontinent also accounted for 50% of the DALYs attributable to lip and oral cavity cancers worldwide.
The Indian subcontinent accounts for disproportionately higher cases and deaths due to lip and oral cavity cancers than other regions. It calls for urgent policy action to prevent the disease spread, early diagnosis and optimal management of lip and oral cavity cancers in the Indian subcontinent.
唇癌和口腔癌是全球十大癌症病因及致死原因之一。印度次大陆的一些国家承受着不成比例的更高的唇癌和口腔癌负担。利用所有可用数据对印度次大陆的唇癌和口腔癌进行详细分析对于有效的政策规划很重要。本文旨在总结唇癌和口腔癌的总体负担，并在印度次大陆的国家间进行比较。
提取全球癌症观测站（GCO）和全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的数据，以分析癌症发病率、患病率、死亡率以及74岁之前的癌症风险。此外，从GBD数据库中提取了因唇癌和口腔癌导致的寿命损失年数（YLL）、伤残调整生命年数（YLDs）和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）的汇总估计值。使用印度次大陆内各个国家的数据进行比较。
2019年印度次大陆唇癌和口腔癌的估计死亡人数为90732人。印度次大陆占唇癌和口腔癌所致死亡人数的45.3%。印度次大陆唇癌和口腔癌的发病率范围从马尔代夫的每10万人3.18例到巴基斯坦的每10万人12.76例。印度唇癌和口腔癌的发病率为每10万人7.54例。然而，由于人口规模，印度每年有104837例唇癌和口腔癌新发病例。2019年印度次大陆唇癌和口腔癌的估计现患病例数和新发病例数分别为46万例（占全球总病例数的30%）和15万例（占全球新发病例数的39%）。印度次大陆还占全球因唇癌和口腔癌导致的伤残调整生命年的50%。
与其他地区相比，印度次大陆因唇癌和口腔癌导致的病例和死亡人数不成比例地更高。这就需要采取紧急政策行动，以防止该疾病在印度次大陆蔓延，并实现唇癌和口腔癌的早期诊断及优化管理。
