Forouzanfar Fatemeh, Sahranavard Toktam, Tsatsakis Aristidis, Iranshahi Mehrdad, Rezaee Ramin
Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Mar;33(3):1289-1301. doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-01671-8. Epub 2025 Feb 17.
Rutin (vitamin P or rutoside) is a citrus flavonoid glycoside that has shown beneficial health effects in different organs against various conditions including inflammation and pain. The majority of rutin therapeutic benefits are ascribed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review article discusses studies that investigated pain-relieving activity of rutin and summarizes the reported mechanisms of action. Rutin pain-relieving effect has been studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, chronic constriction injury, and oxaliplatin-, formalin-, acetic acid- and glutamate-induced nociception in mice or rats. Based on the literature, rutin analgesic effects are induced through potentiation of antioxidant arsenal, reduction of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β) levels, suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions and modulation of MAPK, NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling. Preclinical findings on rutin pain-relieving activity are promising, however, its safety profile needs to be more thoroughly investigated and clinical trials should be conducted to assess its analgesic effects in humans.
芦丁（维生素P或芸香苷）是一种柑橘类黄酮糖苷，已显示出在不同器官中对包括炎症和疼痛在内的各种病症具有有益的健康影响。芦丁的大部分治疗益处归因于其抗氧化和抗炎特性。这篇综述文章讨论了研究芦丁止痛活性的研究，并总结了报道的作用机制。已在链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病、慢性压迫损伤以及奥沙利铂、福尔马林、乙酸和谷氨酸诱导的小鼠或大鼠伤害感受中研究了芦丁的止痛作用。根据文献，芦丁的镇痛作用是通过增强抗氧化能力、降低炎性细胞因子（如肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β）水平、抑制环氧化酶-2（COX-2）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达以及调节丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）、核因子κB（NF-κB）和核因子E2相关因子2/血红素氧合酶-1（Nrf-2/HO-1）信号传导来诱导的。关于芦丁止痛活性的临床前研究结果很有前景，然而，其安全性需要更深入地研究，并且应该进行临床试验以评估其对人类的镇痛效果。
