Tang Zhimin, Ye Fuxiang, Ni Ni, Fan Xianqun, Lu Linna, Gu Ping
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Feb 25;23(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03095-6.
The human retina is a fragile and sophisticated light-sensitive tissue in the central nervous system. Unhealthy retinas can cause irreversible visual deterioration and permanent vision loss. Effective therapeutic strategies are restricted to the treatment or reversal of these conditions. In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized targeted management of retinal diseases. Pharmaceuticals, theranostics, regenerative medicine, gene therapy, and retinal prostheses are indispensable for retinal interventions and have been significantly advanced by nanomedical innovations. Hence, this review presents novel insights into the use of versatile nanomaterial-based nanocomposites for frontier retinal applications, including non-invasive drug delivery, theranostic contrast agents, therapeutic nanoagents, gene therapy, stem cell-based therapy, retinal optogenetics and retinal prostheses, which have mainly been reported within the last 5 years. Furthermore, recent progress, potential challenges, and future perspectives in this field are highlighted and discussed in detail, which may shed light on future clinical translations and ultimately, benefit patients with retinal disorders.
人类视网膜是中枢神经系统中一种脆弱而复杂的感光组织。不健康的视网膜会导致不可逆转的视力恶化和永久性视力丧失。有效的治疗策略仅限于对这些病症的治疗或逆转。近年来，纳米科学和纳米技术彻底改变了视网膜疾病的靶向治疗。药物、诊疗一体化、再生医学、基因治疗和视网膜假体对于视网膜干预不可或缺，并且已经通过纳米医学创新取得了显著进展。因此，本综述介绍了基于多功能纳米材料的纳米复合材料在前沿视网膜应用中的新见解，包括非侵入性药物递送、诊疗造影剂、治疗性纳米剂、基因治疗、基于干细胞的治疗、视网膜光遗传学和视网膜假体，这些主要是在过去5年内报道的。此外，还详细强调和讨论了该领域的最新进展、潜在挑战和未来前景，这可能为未来的临床转化提供启示，并最终使视网膜疾病患者受益。
