New Diseases Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs): An Overview.

The widespread use of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) has transformed the management of cardiac arrhythmias, improving survival and quality of life for millions. However, this progress has introduced a range of device-related complications, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. This review examines "new diseases" linked to CIEDs, categorizing them into physical (e.g., infections, venous obstruction, lead failure, and device recalls) and functional complications (e.g., arrhythmias, pacemaker syndrome, and left ventricular dysfunction). Prevention and management strategies are emphasized. Emerging technologies, such as leadless devices, quadripolar leads, and remote monitoring systems, hold promise in reducing risks and enhancing patient care. Future directions include integrating artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring, improving device durability, and exploring novel materials to minimize infections and mechanical failures. Understanding CIED-related complications is essential for healthcare providers to balance the benefits and risks of these life-saving technologies.