Summer Muhammad, Ali Shaukat, Muhammad Gulzar, Riaz Anfah
Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Microsc Res Tech. 2025 Jun;88(6):1917-1934. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24826. Epub 2025 Feb 27.
The current study assessed the wound healing potential of Bergenia ciliata (BC) extract, BC-loaded Salvia hispanica hydrogel (CH-BC) and Bergenia ciliata nanoparticles (NPs)-loaded Salvia hispanica hydrogel (CH-BC AgNPs/NPs-loaded hydrogel) using in vitro and in vivo studies. The prepared hydrogel and its components were analyzed using UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis/particle size analyzer (PSA), zeta potential, fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Peaks and peak shifts at 450-460, 250-260, and 270-280 nm in UV-vis and FT-IR (500-4000 cm) confirmed extract loading and various functional group presence. DLS confirmed the nanometric size of BC AgNP while zeta potential indicated the slightly negative charge of prepared hydrogel. SEM assessed the average size and topography of Bergenia ciliata-mediated nanoparticles (BC AgNPs) and BC AgNPs loaded hydrogel (CH-BC AgNPs), and XRD peaks at various 2ϴ (10-70) confirmed the topographical and crystalline and porous nature of materials. Bergenia ciliata extract showed higher radical scavenging (74.19% ± 1.84%) and iron chelation activity (93.70 ± 2.20) at 50 and 25 μL/mL, respectively, while CH-BC AgNPs produced the lowest (48.97% ± 3.0%) at 25 and 75 μL/mL (54.35 ± 3.24). Moreover, Chia hydrogel (CH) synergistically enhanced (1.30%) DPPH scavenging. The wound contraction percentage augmented the CH-BC AgNPs as the potent candidate for wound healing (14th day). These findings were further supported by a significant (p < 0.001) restoration of MMP2 (184.6 ± 11.7 pg/mL), TIMPs (184.8 ± 15.7 pg/mL), GPx (153.4 ± 11.5 pg/mL), and IL-6 (10 ± 1 pg/mL) levels as compared to those of diabetic negative control. The normal reepithelization, angiogenesis, and maturation of wounds in treatment groups after histological analysis further strengthened the supposed rationale that CH, along with the BC extract and CH-BC AgNPs, can act synergistically to improve therapeutic results. Hence, CH-BC appeared as a sustainable, biocompatible, and nontoxic agent for wound healing and paved the way for futuristic biomedical investigations.
本研究通过体外和体内实验评估了岩白菜（BC）提取物、负载岩白菜的鼠尾草水凝胶（CH-BC）以及负载岩白菜纳米颗粒（NPs）的鼠尾草水凝胶（CH-BC AgNPs/负载 NPs 的水凝胶）的伤口愈合潜力。使用紫外可见分光光度法（UV-vis）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、动态光散射（DLS）分析/粒度分析仪（PSA）、zeta 电位、傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FT-IR）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）对制备的水凝胶及其成分进行了分析。UV-vis 和 FT-IR（500 - 4000 cm）中 450 - 460、250 - 260 和 270 - 280 nm 处的峰和峰移证实了提取物的负载以及各种官能团的存在。DLS 证实了 BC AgNP 的纳米尺寸，而 zeta 电位表明制备的水凝胶带有轻微负电荷。SEM 评估了岩白菜介导的纳米颗粒（BC AgNPs）和负载 BC AgNPs 的水凝胶（CH-BC AgNPs）的平均尺寸和形貌，并且在不同 2ϴ（10 - 70）处的 XRD 峰证实了材料的形貌、晶体和多孔性质。岩白菜提取物在 50 和 25 μL/mL 时分别表现出较高的自由基清除率（74.19% ± 1.84%）和铁螯合活性（93.70 ± 2.20），而 CH-BC AgNPs 在 25 和 75 μL/mL 时产生的自由基清除率最低（48.97% ± 3.0%）（在 75 μL/mL 时为 54.35 ± 3.24）。此外，奇亚籽水凝胶（CH）协同增强了（1.30%）DPPH 清除能力。伤口收缩百分比表明 CH-BC AgNPs 是伤口愈合的有效候选物（第 14 天）。与糖尿病阴性对照组相比，MMP2（184.6 ± 11.7 pg/mL）、TIMPs（184.8 ± 15.7 pg/mL）、GPx（153.4 ± 11.5 pg/mL）和 IL-6（10 ± 1 pg/mL）水平的显著恢复（p < 0.001）进一步支持了这些发现。组织学分析后治疗组伤口的正常再上皮化、血管生成和成熟进一步强化了这样的推测依据，即 CH 与 BC 提取物和 CH-BC AgNPs 可以协同作用以改善治疗效果。因此，CH-BC 作为一种可持续、生物相容且无毒的伤口愈合剂出现，并为未来的生物医学研究铺平了道路。
