Joseph Philip, Lanas Fernando, Roth Greg, Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio, Lonn Eva, Miller Victoria, Mente Andrew, Leong Darryl, Schwalm Jon-David, Yusuf Salim
Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Lancet Reg Health Am. 2025 Feb 14;42:100960. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100960. eCollection 2025 Feb.
This first article of the Series about Cardiovascular Disease in the Americas summarizes the epidemiology of CVD and its risk factors, and population-level strategies in place aimed at CVD prevention. While age-standardized CVD incidence and CV mortality rates have been decreasing across in the Americas since 1990, the annual number of CVD cases and related deaths have increased due to population growth and ageing. The burden of CVD is also slowly transitioning from high-income countries in North America to middle-income countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Trends in CV risk factor levels have been mixed, with declines in smoking and mean cholesterol counterbalanced by higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Population-wide strategies aimed at controlling cardiometabolic risk factors and tobacco use have been implemented with varying degrees of success. There is a need to better implement existing CVD prevention strategies in the region.
本系列关于美洲心血管疾病的第一篇文章总结了心血管疾病的流行病学及其风险因素，以及旨在预防心血管疾病的人群层面策略。自1990年以来，美洲地区年龄标准化的心血管疾病发病率和心血管疾病死亡率一直在下降，但由于人口增长和老龄化，心血管疾病病例和相关死亡的年度数量有所增加。心血管疾病的负担也在缓慢地从北美洲的高收入国家转移到拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的中等收入国家。心血管疾病风险因素水平的趋势喜忧参半，吸烟率和平均胆固醇水平下降，但肥胖和糖尿病患病率上升抵消了这些下降。旨在控制心脏代谢风险因素和烟草使用的全人群策略已在不同程度上取得了成功。该地区有必要更好地实施现有的心血管疾病预防策略。
