Yu Zhengrong, Wu Yuhang, Cao Yu, Cheng Peiyu
Department of Stomatology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Front Oncol. 2025 Feb 17;15:1539417. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1539417. eCollection 2025.
Lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) is one of the common malignant tumors of the head and neck, posing significant health and economic burdens. The BRICS, including Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, represent a large global population, presenting unique public health challenges. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological trends and variations in the burden of LOC across BRICS in a timely manner.
Data on the number, all-age rate, age-standardized rate, and relative change in LOC incidence from 1992 to 2021 within BRICS were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2021, and we analyzed global and BRICS-specific LOC incidence trends over 30 years. Furthermore, age-period-cohort model was applied to estimate net drift, local drift, age, period and cohort effects between 1992 and 2021.
In 2021, the BRICS nations reported 194.74 thousand new LOC cases, constituting 46.2% of the global total. From 1992 to 2021, all BRICS countries witnessed a significant rise in LOC cases, with China leading at 259.06%. The age-standardized incidence of LOC increased by over 20% in the Russian Federation, India, and China, while Brazil and South Africa exhibited marginal changes (Brazil: 0.75%; South Africa: -7.87%). Rising LOC trends were prevalent across most age groups in China, India, and the Russian Federation, particularly affecting older adults (60-94 years). Age, period, and cohort effects were deteriorating in China and India, contrasting with improvements in Brazil and South Africa.
LOC incidence has increased across BRICS, with temporal trends not consistently aligning with economic growth and exhibiting significant variation among countries. Brazil's experience highlights the efficacy of oral health and tobacco control measures in mitigating LOC, especially in fast-developing nations. Prevention should target men and elderly in China and India, and women in other areas.
唇癌和口腔癌（LOC）是头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤之一，带来了重大的健康和经济负担。金砖国家包括巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非，代表了庞大的全球人口，面临着独特的公共卫生挑战。本研究旨在及时评估金砖国家唇癌和口腔癌负担的流行病学趋势及变化情况。
从《2021年全球疾病负担研究》（GBD 2021）中获取1992年至2021年金砖国家唇癌和口腔癌的发病例数、全年龄发病率、年龄标准化发病率及发病率的相对变化数据，并分析了30年间全球及金砖国家各自的唇癌和口腔癌发病趋势。此外，应用年龄-时期-队列模型估计1992年至2021年间的净漂移、局部漂移、年龄、时期和队列效应。
2021年，金砖国家报告了19.474万例唇癌和口腔癌新发病例，占全球总数的46.2%。1992年至2021年，金砖国家所有国家唇癌和口腔癌病例均显著增加，中国增幅最大，达259.06%。俄罗斯联邦、印度和中国唇癌和口腔癌的年龄标准化发病率上升超过20%，而巴西和南非变化不大（巴西：0.75%；南非：-7.87%）。在中国、印度和俄罗斯联邦，唇癌和口腔癌发病上升趋势在大多数年龄组中普遍存在，尤其影响老年人（60 - 94岁）。中国和印度的年龄、时期和队列效应在恶化，而巴西和南非则有所改善。
金砖国家唇癌和口腔癌发病率均有所上升，时间趋势与经济增长并非始终一致，且各国间存在显著差异。巴西的经验凸显了口腔健康和烟草控制措施在减轻唇癌和口腔癌方面的成效，特别是在快速发展的国家。预防工作应针对中国和印度的男性及老年人，以及其他地区的女性。
