全球 1990 年至 2019 年哮喘发病率和死亡率的趋势：基于 2019 年全球疾病负担研究的年龄-时期-队列分析。

Global trends in the incidence and mortality of asthma from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis using the global burden of disease study 2019.

机构信息

School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.

Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2022 Nov 22;10:1036674. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1036674. eCollection 2022.

BACKGROUND

Asthma is a major global health challenge. The global strategic management and prevention of asthma report has been published, but health system planning for asthma requires a careful assessment of asthma epidemiology. This study described the incidence and mortality of global asthma from 1990 to 2019.

METHODS

Based on data from the global burden of disease study (GBD) 2019, we present spatial and temporal trends in asthma incidence and mortality for the world and its 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Meanwhile, age-period-cohort analysis was used to explore factors influencing asthma incidence and mortality.

RESULTS

From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of asthma decreased from 601.20 per 1,00,000 to 477.92 per 1,00,000, and the mortality of asthma decreased from 8.60 per 1,00,000 to 5.96 per 1,00,000. High sociodemographic index (SDI) areas have higher age-standardised asthma incidence and low sociodemographic index areas have higher age-standardised asthma mortality. The age-period-cohort analysis results showed that the relative risk (RR) of incidence was high in children and the RR of mortality was high in elderly individuals. The RR of both asthma incidence and mortality showed a decreasing trend over time. The RR of asthma incidence in the recent birth cohort was higher than that in the previous birth cohort. The RR of asthma mortality continued to decline with the change in the birth cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

Global asthma incidence and mortality decreased from 1990 to 2019. The decline in asthma incidence was mainly attributed to age effects and period effects, and the decline in asthma mortality was mainly attributed to period effects and cohort effects. Focusing on the risk of incidence in children and the risk of mortality in the elderly, promoting healthy lifestyles and controlling environmental risk factors can help to better control asthma.

背景

哮喘是一个全球性的重大健康挑战。全球哮喘战略管理和预防报告已经发布，但哮喘的卫生系统规划需要对哮喘的流行病学进行仔细评估。本研究描述了 1990 年至 2019 年全球哮喘的发病率和死亡率。

方法

本研究基于 2019 年全球疾病负担研究（GBD）的数据，呈现了 1990 年至 2019 年期间全球 204 个国家和地区的哮喘发病率和死亡率的时空趋势。同时，采用年龄-时期-队列分析探讨了影响哮喘发病率和死亡率的因素。

结果

1990 年至 2019 年，哮喘发病率从 601.20/10 万下降至 477.92/10 万，死亡率从 8.60/10 万下降至 5.96/10 万。高社会人口指数（SDI）地区的年龄标准化哮喘发病率较高，而低社会人口指数地区的年龄标准化哮喘死亡率较高。年龄-时期-队列分析结果显示，发病率的相对风险（RR）在儿童中较高，而死亡率的 RR 在老年人中较高。哮喘发病率和死亡率的 RR 随时间呈下降趋势。最近出生队列的哮喘发病率 RR 高于前出生队列。随着出生队列的变化，哮喘死亡率的 RR 持续下降。