Gameiro Mariana, Almeida-Pinto José, Moura Beatriz S, Mano João F, Gaspar Vítor M
CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
Bioact Mater. 2025 Feb 15;48:135-148. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.02.007. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Emerging genome editing and synthetic biology toolboxes can accurately program mammalian cells behavior from the inside-out. Such engineered living units can be perceived as key building blocks for bioengineering mammalian cell-dense materials, with promising features to be used as living therapeutics for tissue engineering or disease modeling applications. Aiming to reach full control over the code that governs cell behavior, inside-out engineering approaches have potential to fully unlock user-defined living materials encoded with tailored cellular functionalities and spatial arrangements. Dwelling on this, herein, we discuss the most recent advances and opportunities unlocked by genetic engineering strategies, and on their use for the assembly of next-generation cell-rich or cell-based materials, with an unprecedent control over cellular arrangements and customizable therapeutic capabilities. We envision that the continuous synergy between inside-out and outside-in cell engineering approaches will potentiate the future development of increasingly sophisticated cell assemblies that may operate with augmented biofunctionalities.
新兴的基因组编辑和合成生物学工具箱能够从内而外精确地调控哺乳动物细胞的行为。这类经过工程改造的活细胞单元可被视为构建哺乳动物细胞密集材料的关键组成部分，具有作为组织工程或疾病建模应用的活体疗法的潜力。为了全面控制支配细胞行为的代码，从内而外的工程方法有潜力完全解锁编码有定制细胞功能和空间排列的用户定义的活体材料。基于此，我们在此讨论基因工程策略带来的最新进展和机遇，以及它们在组装下一代富含细胞或基于细胞的材料方面的应用，从而以前所未有的方式控制细胞排列并实现可定制的治疗能力。我们设想，从内而外和从外而内的细胞工程方法之间持续的协同作用将推动未来越来越复杂的细胞组装体的发展，这些组装体可能具有增强的生物功能。
