Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
EBioMedicine. 2021 Dec;74:103717. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103717. Epub 2021 Nov 25.
Engineered living materials represent a new generation of human-made biotherapeutics that are highly attractive for a myriad of medical applications. In essence, such cell-rich platforms provide encodable bioactivities with extended lifetimes and environmental multi-adaptability currently unattainable in conventional biomaterial platforms. Emerging cell bioengineering tools are herein discussed from the perspective of materializing living cells as cooperative building blocks that drive the assembly of multiscale living materials. Owing to their living character, pristine cellular units can also be imparted with additional therapeutically-relevant biofunctionalities. On this focus, the most recent advances on the engineering of mammalian living materials and their biomedical applications are herein outlined, alongside with a critical perspective on major roadblocks hindering their realistic clinical translation. All in all, transposing the concept of leveraging living materials as autologous tissue-building entities and/or self-regulated biotherapeutics opens new realms for improving precision and personalized medicine strategies in the foreseeable future.
工程化活体材料代表了新一代的人工生物疗法，非常适合多种医学应用。从本质上讲，这种富含细胞的平台提供了可编码的生物活性，具有传统生物材料平台目前无法实现的延长寿命和环境多适应性。本文从将活细胞作为协作构建块实现多尺度活体材料组装的角度讨论了新兴的细胞生物工程工具。由于其活细胞的特性，原始的细胞单元也可以赋予额外的治疗相关的生物功能。在此重点介绍了哺乳动物活体材料的最新工程进展及其生物医学应用，并对阻碍其实际临床转化的主要障碍进行了批判性分析。总之，将活体材料作为自体组织构建实体和/或自我调节生物疗法的概念转化为现实，为未来可预见的精准和个性化医疗策略开辟了新的领域。
