Hollinger Maile K, Grayson Emily M, Ferreira Caroline M, Sperling Anne I
Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2025 Mar;330(1):e70012. doi: 10.1111/imr.70012.
It has long been appreciated that farm exposure early in life protects individuals from allergic asthma. Understanding what component(s) of this exposure is responsible for this protection is crucial to understanding allergic asthma pathogenesis and developing strategies to prevent or treat allergic asthma. In this review, we introduce the concept of Farm-Friends, or specific microbes associated with both a farm environment and protection from allergic asthma. We review the mechanism(s) by which these Farm-Friends suppress allergic inflammation, with a focus on the molecule(s) produced by these Farm-Friends. Finally, we discuss the relevance of Farm-Friend administration (oral vs. inhaled) for preventing the development and severity of allergic asthma throughout childhood and adulthood. By developing a fuller understanding of which Farm-Friends modulate host immunity, a greater wealth of prophylactic and therapeutic options becomes available to counter the current allergy epidemic.
长期以来人们一直认识到，早年接触农场环境可保护个体免受过敏性哮喘的侵害。了解这种接触中的哪些成分起到了这种保护作用，对于理解过敏性哮喘的发病机制以及制定预防或治疗过敏性哮喘的策略至关重要。在本综述中，我们引入了“农场友好菌”的概念，即与农场环境以及预防过敏性哮喘相关的特定微生物。我们回顾了这些“农场友好菌”抑制过敏性炎症的机制，重点关注这些“农场友好菌”产生的分子。最后，我们讨论了给予“农场友好菌”（口服与吸入）对于预防儿童期和成年期过敏性哮喘的发生及严重程度的相关性。通过更全面地了解哪些“农场友好菌”调节宿主免疫力，就会有更多的预防和治疗选择来应对当前的过敏流行。
