Qu Shengming, Gao Yihang, Ma Jingru, Yan Qingzhu
Department of Dermatology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Oct 27;168:115773. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115773.
Gut bacteria produce various metabolites from dietary fiber, the most abundant of which are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Many biological functions, such as host metabolism and the immune system, are regulated by SCFAs because they act on a wide variety of cell types. A growing body of documents has shown that microbiota SCFAs directly regulate B-cell growth, proliferation, and immunoglobulin (Ig) production. As histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, SCFAs alter gene expression to enhance the expression of critical regulators of B cell growth. In particular, microbiota SCFAs increase the production of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and fatty acids in B cells, which provide the energy and building blocks needed for the growth of plasma B cells. SCFAs play a significant role in promoting the involvement of B cells in host immunity during both homeostatic conditions and disease states. In this context, SCFAs stimulate B-cell activation and promote the differentiation of plasma B cells in response to B cell receptor (BCR)-activating antigens or co-stimulatory receptor ligands. The result may be increased production of IgA. Microbiota SCFAs were found to lower both overall and antigen-specific IgE levels, indicating their potential to mitigate IgE-related allergic reactions, much like their effect on class-switch recombination (CSR) towards IgG and IgA. Therefore, in the future, the therapeutic advantage should be to use specific and diffusible chemicals, such as SCFAs, which show a strong immunoregulatory function of B cells. This review focuses on the role of microbiota-produced SCFAs in regulating B cell development and antibody production, both in health and diseases.
肠道细菌可从膳食纤维中产生多种代谢产物，其中最丰富的是短链脂肪酸（SCFA），如乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐。许多生物学功能，如宿主代谢和免疫系统，都受到SCFA的调节，因为它们作用于多种细胞类型。越来越多的文献表明，微生物群产生的SCFA直接调节B细胞的生长、增殖和免疫球蛋白（Ig）的产生。作为组蛋白脱乙酰酶（HDAC）抑制剂，SCFA可改变基因表达，以增强B细胞生长关键调节因子的表达。特别是，微生物群产生的SCFA可增加B细胞中乙酰辅酶A（acetyl-CoA）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和脂肪酸的产生，这些为浆细胞B细胞的生长提供了所需的能量和构建模块。在稳态和疾病状态下，SCFA在促进B细胞参与宿主免疫方面发挥着重要作用。在这种情况下，SCFA可刺激B细胞活化，并促进浆细胞B细胞对B细胞受体（BCR）激活抗原或共刺激受体配体的分化。结果可能是IgA的产生增加。研究发现，微生物群产生的SCFA可降低总体和抗原特异性IgE水平，这表明它们具有减轻IgE相关过敏反应的潜力，就像它们对向IgG和IgA的类别转换重组（CSR）的作用一样。因此，在未来，治疗优势应该是使用特定的、可扩散的化学物质，如SCFA，它们对B细胞具有强大的免疫调节功能。本综述重点关注微生物群产生的SCFA在调节健康和疾病状态下B细胞发育和抗体产生中的作用。
