Zhang Rui, Zuo Xiaolei, Yin Fangfei
Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Chem Bio Eng. 2024 Dec 30;2(2):71-86. doi: 10.1021/cbe.4c00164. eCollection 2025 Feb 27.
Nucleic acid frameworks (NAFs) are artificially prepared from natural nucleic acids with a precise size and structure. DNA origami exhibits controllable 2D lamellar structure and thus is easily used to construct 3D structures with different morphologies. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) are prepared with four DNA strands that hybridize to each other with a tetrahedral structure. Here we summarize molecular spatial organization with DNA origami and TDNs as models for 2D- and 3D-recombinations, discuss NAF-based biomimicking of proteins and biomembranes, and introduce the identification probes, functional groups, and intercalators for biosensing, bioimaging, and nanomedicine therapy. NAFs are also extended to applications to guide the formation of inorganic nanoparticles with precise size and structure. Thus, the NAFs exhibit special organization, are easy to functionalize, and are becoming an important platform for interdisciplinary study and applications, such as nanotechnology, biochemistry, synthetic biology, and nanomedicine.
核酸框架（NAFs）是由具有精确尺寸和结构的天然核酸人工制备而成。DNA折纸具有可控的二维层状结构，因此易于用于构建具有不同形态的三维结构。四面体DNA纳米结构（TDNs）由四条相互杂交形成四面体结构的DNA链制备而成。在这里，我们总结了以DNA折纸和TDNs为二维和三维重组模型的分子空间组织，讨论了基于NAF的蛋白质和生物膜仿生，介绍了用于生物传感、生物成像和纳米医学治疗的识别探针、官能团和嵌入剂。NAFs还扩展到用于引导形成具有精确尺寸和结构的无机纳米颗粒的应用中。因此，NAFs具有特殊的组织形式，易于功能化，正成为纳米技术、生物化学、合成生物学和纳米医学等跨学科研究和应用的重要平台。
