Mosch Richard, Alevizakos Vasilios, Ströbele Dragan Alexander, Schiller Marcus, von See Constantin
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Research Center for Digital Technologies in Dentistry and CAD/CAM, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025 Feb;11(1):e70110. doi: 10.1002/cre2.70110.
Dental implant placement requires exceptional precision to ensure functional and esthetic success. Traditional guidance methods, such as static drilling guides and dynamic navigation systems, have improved accuracy but are limited by high costs, rigidity, and reliance on specialized hardware. This study introduces an augmented reality (AR) system using consumer smartphones for real-time navigation in dental implant placement. The system aims to provide a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods by integrating virtual planning with physical models.
A modified dental training model with removable parallel pins served as the physical component. Implant positions were digitally planned and color-coded using 3D scanning and modeling software, then integrated into an AR application built with Unity Engine. A smartphone's camera was calibrated to project virtual overlays onto the physical model. In vitro testing evaluated alignment accuracy, drill guidance, and system performance under controlled lighting conditions.
The AR system successfully aligned virtual overlays with the physical model, providing effective visual guidance for implant drill positioning. Operators maintained planned trajectories, demonstrating the feasibility of AR as an alternative to static and dynamic guidance systems. Challenges included the system's sensitivity to stable lighting and visual cues.
This AR-based approach offers an accessible and sustainable solution for modern dental implantology. Future research will focus on quantitative accuracy assessments, AI integration for enhanced performance, and clinical trials to validate real-world applicability. AR technology has the potential to transform dental practices by improving outcomes while reducing costs and environmental impact.
牙种植体植入需要极高的精度以确保功能和美学上的成功。传统的引导方法，如静态钻孔导向器和动态导航系统，提高了准确性，但受到高成本、刚性以及对专用硬件的依赖的限制。本研究引入了一种使用消费级智能手机的增强现实（AR）系统，用于牙种植体植入的实时导航。该系统旨在通过将虚拟规划与物理模型相结合，为传统方法提供一种经济高效、环保的替代方案。
一个带有可移除平行销的改良牙科训练模型作为物理组件。使用3D扫描和建模软件对种植体位置进行数字规划并进行颜色编码，然后将其集成到用Unity引擎构建的AR应用程序中。对智能手机的摄像头进行校准，以便将虚拟叠加层投影到物理模型上。在体外测试中，在可控照明条件下评估对准精度、钻孔引导和系统性能。
AR系统成功地将虚拟叠加层与物理模型对齐，为种植体钻孔定位提供了有效的视觉引导。操作人员保持了规划的轨迹，证明了AR作为静态和动态引导系统替代方案的可行性。挑战包括系统对稳定照明和视觉线索的敏感性。
这种基于AR的方法为现代牙种植学提供了一种便捷且可持续的解决方案。未来的研究将集中在定量精度评估、用于提高性能的人工智能集成以及验证实际适用性的临床试验上。AR技术有潜力通过改善治疗效果、降低成本和环境影响来改变牙科实践。
