Rehn Mattias, Nilsson Kent W, Hultman Cathrine, Vadlin Sofia, Åslund Cecilia
Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Region Västmanland, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Feb 19;16:1456490. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1456490. eCollection 2025.
The interplay between genetic and environmental factors, as explored through studies of gene-environment interactions (cG×E), has illuminated the complex dynamics influencing behavior and cognition, including decision-making processes. In this study, we investigated the differential susceptibility effects of the and genotypes on decision-making under risk using the Iowa Gambling Task.
Data from 264 participants (138 women, 126 men) aged 18-22 years, from the 2015 wave of the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland (SALVe Cohort) was analyzed. Participants provided genetic data including the and genotypes, and completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to evaluate decision-making behavior. Parent reports, including assessments of positive parenting styles and early life stress were used for cG×E analysis.
In a General Linear Model, significant interactions were found among males for the , with SS/SL carriers showing higher net scores with positive parenting and lower scores with less positive parenting in relation to decision-making under risk in the IGT (trials 61-100), indicating differential susceptibility effects. Male LL carriers showed minimal fluctuation in IGT scores. Similar effects were observed for males with the S-allele. No significant interactions were found for females.
In conclusion, our study indicates that the and genes demonstrate susceptibility to environmental factors in influencing decision-making under risk among males, as assessed by the Iowa Gambling Task. We anticipate that these findings will contribute to advancing the understanding of the complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors in shaping human behavior and decision-making.
通过基因-环境相互作用（cG×E）研究探索的遗传和环境因素之间的相互作用，揭示了影响行为和认知（包括决策过程）的复杂动态。在本研究中，我们使用爱荷华赌博任务调查了 和 基因型对风险决策的差异易感性效应。
分析了来自韦斯特曼兰青少年生活调查（SALVe队列）2015年波次的264名年龄在18 - 22岁的参与者（138名女性，126名男性）的数据。参与者提供了包括 和 基因型在内的遗传数据，并完成了爱荷华赌博任务（IGT）以评估决策行为。父母报告，包括对积极养育方式和早期生活压力的评估，用于cG×E分析。
在一般线性模型中，男性中 基因存在显著的相互作用，对于IGT中风险决策（第61 - 100次试验），SS/SL携带者在积极养育方式下显示出较高的净得分，而在积极养育方式较少时得分较低，表示存在差异易感性效应。男性LL携带者在IGT得分中波动最小。携带 S等位基因的男性也观察到类似效应。女性未发现显著的相互作用。
总之，我们的研究表明，通过爱荷华赌博任务评估， 和 基因在影响男性风险决策方面对环境因素表现出易感性。我们预计这些发现将有助于推进对遗传和环境因素在塑造人类行为和决策过程中复杂相互作用的理解。
