Okunlola Felix Oladele, Okunlola Abimbola Rafiat, Adetuyi Babatunde Oluwafemi, Soliman Mahmoud E S, Alexiou Athanasios, Papadakis Marios, Fawzy Mohamed N, El-Saber Batiha Gaber
Department of Natural Sciences (Biochemistry Option), Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Precious Cornerstone University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2025 Jun;67:71-89. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.002. Epub 2025 Mar 8.
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Even while receiving adequate pharmacological treatment for their hypertension, people are nonetheless at greater risk for cardiovascular disease. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota may have major positive and negative effects on blood pressure and illnesses related with it as more study into this topic is conducted. Trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are two major by-products of the gut microbiota. TMAO is involved in the formation of other coronary artery diseases, including atherosclerosis and hypertension, while SCFAs play an important role in controlling blood pressure. Numerous investigations have confirmed the established link between dietary salt intake and hypertension. Reducing sodium in the diet is linked to lower rates of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality as well as lower rates of blood pressure and hypertension. In both human and animal research, high salt diets increase local and systemic tissue inflammation and compromise gut architecture. Given that the gut microbiota constantly interacts with the immune system and is required for the correct maturation of immune cells, it is scientifically conceivable that it mediates the inflammatory response. This review highlights the therapeutic possibilities for focusing on intestinal microbiomes as well as the potential functions of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the development of hypertension.
心血管疾病是全球主要死因之一。即使人们在接受针对高血压的充分药物治疗，他们患心血管疾病的风险仍然更高。随着对这一主题的研究不断深入，越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群可能对血压及其相关疾病产生重大的正面和负面影响。氧化三甲胺（TMAO）和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）是肠道微生物群的两种主要副产物。TMAO参与包括动脉粥样硬化和高血压在内的其他冠状动脉疾病的形成，而SCFAs在控制血压方面发挥着重要作用。大量研究证实了饮食中盐摄入量与高血压之间已确立的联系。减少饮食中的钠与降低心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率以及降低血压和高血压的发生率有关。在人类和动物研究中，高盐饮食都会增加局部和全身组织炎症，并损害肠道结构。鉴于肠道微生物群不断与免疫系统相互作用，且免疫细胞的正确成熟需要它，从科学角度可以推测它介导了炎症反应。这篇综述强调了关注肠道微生物群的治疗潜力，以及肠道微生物群及其代谢产物在高血压发展中的潜在作用。
