Intellectual realism: the role of children's interpretations of pictures and perceptual verbs.

Intellectual realism refers to the tendency of young children to indicate incorrectly all that is present in an object array when asked to indicate only what they can see of it from a particular perspective. 3 experiments tested and confirmed the hypotheses that children's interpretation of (a) pictorial conventions and of (b) the expression "look like" may increase this tendency. The results of this and other studies suggest that young children's difficulties with adult pictorial conventions, with the wording of task instructions, and with the concept of a momentary, view-determined appearance can all lead to intellectual realism errors.