Vongtavatchai Vichakorn, Niyatiwatchanchai Boondarick, Srinivasan Murali, Porntaveetus Thantrira, Tagami Junji, Srijunbarl Anucharte, Siripamitdul Kornwasa, Nantanapiboon Dusit
Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Clinic of General-, Special Care-, and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Eur J Dent. 2025 Oct;19(4):1025-1034. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1800824. Epub 2025 Mar 12.
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various cleaning protocols on the bond strength of dual-cure resin cement following temporary cementation.Fifty-two human third molars were sectioned to expose superficial dentin and divided into four groups: (1) fresh, noncontaminated dentin (control); (2) pumice cleaning; (3) pumice + sodium bicarbonate air polishing; and (4) pumice + 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) based cleaner. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated with noneugenol zinc oxide temporary cement, followed by their respective cleaning protocols. After the teeth were cleaned, the restorative procedure was performed. All dentin surfaces were then bonded with a composite restoration using dual-cure resin cement. Shear bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine until failure. Surface morphology was assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the residual elements on the dentin surface.Group differences were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tamhane's post hoc test. Chi-squared tests were used to assess the differences in failure mode proportions among groups. All statistical analyses were conducted at a significance level of < 0.05.ANOVA revealed significant differences in bond strength among the groups ( < 0.001). Post hoc analysis showed no significant difference in bond strength between the control group and the sodium bicarbonate air polishing or MDP-based cleaner groups. However, the pumice polishing group exhibited a significantly lower bond strength compared to all other groups ( < 0.001). SEM-EDS analysis confirmed incomplete removal of temporary cement with pumice polishing, as evidenced by residual cement and elevated levels of zinc and oxygen ions.Pumice polishing alone was insufficient for removing temporary cement, resulting in reduced bond strength of the subsequently applied resin cement. This study demonstrated that combining pumice with sodium bicarbonate air polishing or MDP-based cleaner effectively removed cement and restored bond strength to levels comparable to fresh, noncontaminated dentin.
本研究的目的是比较各种清洁方案对临时粘结后双固化树脂水门汀粘结强度的有效性。将52颗人第三磨牙切开以暴露表层牙本质，并分为四组：（1）新鲜、未污染的牙本质（对照组）；（2）浮石清洁；（3）浮石+碳酸氢钠空气抛光；（4）浮石+基于10-甲基丙烯酰氧基癸基二氢磷酸酯（MDP）的清洁剂。第2、3和4组用不含丁香酚的氧化锌临时水门汀处理，然后进行各自的清洁方案。牙齿清洁后，进行修复程序。然后使用双固化树脂水门汀将所有牙本质表面与复合修复体粘结。使用万能试验机测试剪切粘结强度直至破坏。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）评估表面形态，并使用能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDS）分析牙本质表面的残留元素。使用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）分析组间差异，随后进行Tamhane事后检验。卡方检验用于评估各组间破坏模式比例的差异。所有统计分析均在显著性水平<0.05下进行。方差分析显示各组间粘结强度存在显著差异（<0.001）。事后分析表明，对照组与碳酸氢钠空气抛光组或基于MDP的清洁剂组之间的粘结强度无显著差异。然而，浮石抛光组的粘结强度明显低于所有其他组（<0.001）。扫描电镜-能谱分析证实浮石抛光不能完全去除临时水门汀，残留的水门汀以及锌和氧离子水平升高证明了这一点。单独的浮石抛光不足以去除临时水门汀，导致随后应用的树脂水门汀粘结强度降低。本研究表明，将浮石与碳酸氢钠空气抛光或基于MDP的清洁剂结合使用可有效去除水门汀，并将粘结强度恢复到与新鲜、未污染牙本质相当的水平。
