Kassis Wassilis, Vasiou Aikaterini, Aksoy Dilan, Favre Céline Anne, Talmon-Gros Artz Sibylle, Magnusson Doug
Department of Research & Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland.
Department of Primary Education, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Mar 3;16:1548549. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1548549. eCollection 2025.
While the impact of parenting styles on adolescents' mental health is well documented, no study has used latent person-oriented methods to analyze the effects of parenting style trajectories, experienced by physically abused and nonabused adolescents from early to middle adolescence, on mental health outcomes.
In this longitudinal study, we used latent transition analysis (LTA) to detect parenting patterns and their trajectories among 1,709 adolescents from 44 high schools in Switzerland across three data waves (2021-2023) by applying a multigroup comparison between physically nonabused and abused adolescents. Using multinomial regression, we tested the effects of the detected parenting patterns on adolescents' mental health.
Along with the two known patterns, termed "supportive" and "negative" parenting, two new parenting patterns which we termed "absent" (low levels on all tested parenting styles) and "ambiguous" (middle to high levels on all tested parenting styles) emerged as playing a key role in the perceptions of adolescents with and without parental abuse experience longitudinally. These four patterns developed in diverse ways: Supportive parenting decreased for abused adolescents over time but remained stable for the nonabused adolescents. The absent parenting level was stable over time among abused adolescents when compared to the outcomes experienced by adolescents subjected to the negative parenting pattern. Furthermore, we found a remarkable decline in the number of nonabused adolescents in the absence pattern from Wave 1 to Wave 3. Further, we also found that abused adolescents reported more negative parenting than nonabused adolescents. Additionally, we found that supportive parenting was beneficial for adolescents' mental health whereas negative, ambiguous, and absent parenting all had detrimental effects.
These findings highlight the beneficial association of supportive parenting and the detrimental effects of negative, ambiguous, and absent parenting. This also suggests that we must consider a more complex approach that involves examining a blend of different parenting styles when analyzing adolescent mental health.
虽然养育方式对青少年心理健康的影响已有充分记录，但尚无研究采用潜在的以个体为导向的方法，来分析遭受身体虐待和未受虐待的青少年从青春期早期到中期所经历的养育方式轨迹对心理健康结果的影响。
在这项纵向研究中，我们运用潜在转变分析（LTA），通过对瑞士44所高中的1709名青少年在三个数据收集阶段（2021 - 2023年）进行多组比较，检测遭受身体虐待和未受虐待青少年的养育模式及其轨迹。我们使用多项回归分析，检验所检测到的养育模式对青少年心理健康的影响。
除了两种已知模式，即“支持性”养育和“消极”养育外，还出现了两种新的养育模式，我们将其称为“缺失型”（在所有测试的养育方式上得分较低）和“模糊型”（在所有测试的养育方式上得分从中等到较高），这两种模式在有和没有父母虐待经历的青少年的纵向认知中发挥了关键作用。这四种模式呈现出不同的发展方式：随着时间推移，遭受虐待的青少年的支持性养育方式减少，但未受虐待的青少年保持稳定。与遭受消极养育模式的青少年相比，遭受虐待的青少年的缺失型养育水平随时间保持稳定。此外，我们发现从第一阶段到第三阶段，处于缺失型模式的未受虐待青少年数量显著下降。此外，我们还发现遭受虐待的青少年报告的消极养育方式比未受虐待的青少年更多。另外，我们发现支持性养育方式对青少年心理健康有益，而消极、模糊和缺失型养育方式均有不利影响。
这些发现凸显了支持性养育方式的有益关联以及消极、模糊和缺失型养育方式的不利影响。这也表明，在分析青少年心理健康时，我们必须考虑一种更复杂的方法，即审视不同养育方式的综合影响。
