Talwar Sarah, Mazade Reece, Bentley-Ford Melissa, Yu Jianshi, Pilli Nageswara, Kane Maureen A, Ethier C Ross, Pardue Machelle T
Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Mar 3;66(3):37. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.3.37.
Ambient light exposure is linked to myopia development in children and affects myopia susceptibility in animal models. Currently, it is unclear which signals mediate the effects of light on myopia. All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and dopamine (DA) oppositely influence experimental myopia and may be involved in the retinoscleral signaling cascade underlying myopic eye growth. However, how ocular atRA responds to different lighting and whether atRA and DA interact remains unknown.
Dark-adapted C57BL/6J mice (29-31 days old) were exposed to dim (1 lux), mid (59 lux), or bright (12,000 lux) ambient lighting for 5 to 60 minutes. Some mice were also systemically administered the DA precursor, LDOPA, or atRA before light exposure. After exposure, the retina and the back of the eye (BOE) were collected and analyzed for levels of atRA, DA, and the DA metabolite, DOPAC.
DA turnover (DOPAC/DA ratio) in the retina increased in magnitude after only 5 minutes of exposure to higher ambient luminance, but was minimal in the BOE. In contrast, atRA levels in the retina and BOE significantly decreased with higher ambient luminance and longer duration exposure. Intriguingly, LDOPA-treated mice had a transient reduction in retinal atRA compared with saline-treated mice, whereas atRA treatment had no effect on ocular DA.
Ocular atRA was affected by the duration of exposure to different ambient lighting, and retinal atRA levels decreased with increased DA. Overall, these data suggest specific interactions between ambient lighting, atRA, and DA that could have implications for the retinoscleral signaling cascade underlying myopic eye growth.
环境光暴露与儿童近视发展有关，并影响动物模型中的近视易感性。目前，尚不清楚哪些信号介导了光对近视的影响。全反式视黄酸（atRA）和多巴胺（DA）对实验性近视有相反的影响，可能参与了近视性眼球生长的视网膜-巩膜信号级联反应。然而，眼内atRA如何对不同光照做出反应以及atRA和DA是否相互作用仍不清楚。
将暗适应的C57BL/6J小鼠（29 - 31日龄）暴露于昏暗（1勒克斯）、中等（59勒克斯）或明亮（12000勒克斯）的环境光下5至60分钟。一些小鼠在光照前还全身给予DA前体左旋多巴（LDOPA）或atRA。光照后，收集视网膜和眼后部（BOE）并分析atRA、DA和DA代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙酸（DOPAC）的水平。
仅暴露于较高环境亮度5分钟后，视网膜中的DA周转率（DOPAC/DA比值）就显著增加，但在BOE中变化最小。相比之下，随着环境亮度升高和暴露时间延长，视网膜和BOE中的atRA水平显著降低。有趣的是，与生理盐水处理的小鼠相比，LDOPA处理的小鼠视网膜atRA有短暂降低，而atRA处理对眼内DA没有影响。
眼内atRA受不同环境光照暴露时间的影响，并且视网膜atRA水平随DA增加而降低。总体而言，这些数据表明环境光、atRA和DA之间存在特定相互作用，这可能对近视性眼球生长的视网膜-巩膜信号级联反应有影响。
