Chen Jian, Geng Jiwei, Li Yugang, Xia Peikang, Li Xianfeng, Wang Fangming, Chen Dong, Wang Mingliang, Wang Haowei
State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Anhui Provincial Industrial Generic Technology Research Center for Alumics Materials, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 18;15(1):9390. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93746-3.
This work experimentally and analytically investigated the incipient cavitation behavior in four liquids with different physical properties: ethanol, de-ionized water, glycerine, and aluminum melt under ultrasonic irradiation close to the cavitation threshold with a frequency of 20 kHz. To identify the cavitation structure development and bubble motion of different liquids, cavitation structure under condition close to the cavitation threshold was in-situ observed via high-speed photography for optically transparent liquids and synchrotron radiation X-ray radiography technology for aluminum melt. The dynamic process of the cavitation bubble was numerically simulated on the bubble wall motion. Bubble characteristics were analyzed by more accurate relevant dimensionless quantities comparison obtained from the translational maximum bubble velocity measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Based on the simulation results through multi-technology combination methods and dynamic simulation, the incipient cavitation characteristics of various liquid bulks in experimental conditions were estimated and compared. The insights gained from this study are valuable for improving the design and optimization of industrial processes involving cavitation, such as ultrasonic degassing, ultrasonic-assisted metal casting, and material processing. Understanding these cavitation characteristics can lead to more efficient and controlled applications in these fields and help in identifying more suitable transparent media for simulating the cavitation behavior of metal melts.
本研究通过实验和分析,对四种具有不同物理性质的液体(乙醇、去离子水、甘油和铝熔体)在频率为20kHz且接近空化阈值的超声辐照下的初始空化行为进行了研究。为了识别不同液体的空化结构发展和气泡运动,对于光学透明液体,通过高速摄影原位观察接近空化阈值条件下的空化结构;对于铝熔体,则采用同步辐射X射线成像技术进行观察。在气泡壁运动的基础上,对空化气泡的动态过程进行了数值模拟。通过粒子图像测速技术(PIV)测量得到的平移最大气泡速度,利用更精确的相关无量纲量比较来分析气泡特性。基于多技术组合方法和动态模拟的结果,对实验条件下各种液体的初始空化特性进行了估计和比较。本研究获得的见解对于改进涉及空化的工业过程(如超声脱气、超声辅助金属铸造和材料加工)的设计和优化具有重要价值。了解这些空化特性可以在这些领域实现更高效、可控的应用,并有助于确定更适合模拟金属熔体空化行为的透明介质。