Ghorbani Ali, Asghari Ali, Mohammadi Mohammad Reza, Badri Milad, Shamsi Laya, Hanifeh Fatemeh, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin Behnam, Bastaminejad Saiyad
Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 Mar;11(2):e70309. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70309.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the global prevalence, species/genotype distribution and zoonotic impact of Cryptosporidium in rabbits.
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was performed for studies from 2000 to 25 October 2024 on Cryptosporidium spp. in rabbits. Data on publication/implementation years, prevalence rates, rabbit types, diagnostics, countries and species/genotypes were collected. A meta-analysis with random-effects models estimated overall prevalence and assessed heterogeneity using the I index. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the robustness of the results.
This systematic review included 26 studies with 6093 rabbits from 9 countries, revealing a pooled Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence of 9% (95% CI: 6%-13.4%). Three zoonotic species were found in rabbits: Cryptosporidium cuniculus in 18 studies and each of C. parvum and C. andersoni in 1 study. The isolates included 2 genotypes of C. cuniculus (Va, Vb) and 1 genotype of C. parvum (IIc), along with 18 subtypes of C. cuniculus (VaA16, VaA18, VaA31, VbA18, VbA19, VbA21, VbA22, VbA23, VbA24, VbA25, VbA26, VbA28, VbA29, VbA31, VbA32, VbA33, VbA35 and VbA36). Among these, 11 subtypes (VbA19, VbA22-VbA26, VbA28, VbA29 and VbA31-VbA33) are identified as zoonotic. Pet rabbits had the highest Cryptosporidium spp. pooled prevalence at 21.9% (95% CI: 14.7%-31.3%), followed by farmed rabbits at 9.7% (95% CI: 5.1%-17.8%), wild rabbits at 8.8% (95% CI: 4.8%-15.5%) and laboratory rabbits at 1% (95% CI: 0.3%-3.1%), with higher rates noted in Africa and the AFR WHO region.
This study assessed the global distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in rabbits, highlighting its zoonotic implications. It serves as a key resource for researchers, veterinarians and public health officials for future studies and control strategies.
本系统评价和荟萃分析评估了隐孢子虫在兔中的全球流行率、物种/基因型分布及人畜共患病影响。
对PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science进行系统检索，以查找2000年至2024年10月25日关于兔隐孢子虫属的研究。收集有关发表/实施年份、流行率、兔的类型、诊断方法、国家以及物种/基因型的数据。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，以估计总体流行率，并使用I指数评估异质性。进行敏感性分析以评估结果的稳健性。
本系统评价纳入了来自9个国家的26项研究，共6093只兔，显示隐孢子虫属的合并流行率为9%（95%置信区间：6%-13.4%）。在兔中发现了三种人畜共患病物种：18项研究中发现了兔隐孢子虫，1项研究中各发现了微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫。分离株包括2种兔隐孢子虫基因型（Va、Vb）、1种微小隐孢子虫基因型（IIc），以及18种兔隐孢子虫亚型（VaA16、VaA18、VaA31、VbA18、VbA19、VbA21、VbA22、VbA23、VbA24、VbA25、VbA26、VbA28、VbA29、VbA31、VbA32、VbA33、VbA35和VbA36）。其中，11种亚型（VbA19、VbA22-VbA26、VbA28、VbA29和VbA31-VbA33）被确定为人畜共患病型。宠物兔的隐孢子虫属合并流行率最高，为21.9%（95%置信区间：14.7%-31.3%），其次是养殖兔，为9.7%（95%置信区间：5.1%-17.8%），野兔为8.8%（95%置信区间：4.8%-15.5%），实验兔为1%（95%置信区间：0.3%-3.1%），在非洲和非洲区域办事处所在地区的流行率更高。
本研究评估了隐孢子虫属在兔中的全球分布，突出了其人畜共患病影响。它为研究人员、兽医和公共卫生官员进行未来研究和制定控制策略提供了重要资源。
