Apaydin Aydın Sinan, Johnson Eli, Antwi Prince, Rocos Brett, Haglund Michael M, Shaffrey Christopher I, Passias Peter, Abd-El-Barr Muhammad M, Than Khoi
Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkiye.
Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Turk J Med Sci. 2024 Oct 25;55(1):43-51. doi: 10.55730/1300-0144.5941. eCollection 2025.
Osteobiologics are increasingly used in orthopedics and spine surgery to facilitate bone healing and prevent nonunion. Synthetic osteobiologics are artificial materials crafted in laboratories that aim to replicate the natural composition and functionality of bone. Notable materials such as calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate are engineered to mirror the mineral aspect of bone. They mimic human bone functionality, exhibiting osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties. These characteristics promote cell attachment, migration, recruitment, and differentiation. Consequently, synthetic osteobiologics (osteoconductive grafts) have been introduced in bone fracture repair. The main strength of synthetic osteobiologics in spine surgery lies in improving fusion rates and clinical outcomes. The commercial biologics landscape boasts an excess of 350 bone substitute materials, a number that continues to grow exponentially with the development of subtypes. However, the proliferation of these products, primarily driven by the medical device industry and nonacademic entities, has been accompanied by a significant dearth of supporting empirical data. This deficiency underscores the imperative need for rigorous scrutiny and research to establish a solid foundation for their utilization. Healthcare professionals require high-quality research in large prospective studies with satisfactory follow-up periods to interpret and compare the performance of osteobiologics. It is particularly imperative to study the added cost of using these materials in spine surgery. In the current review, we provide an overview of the currently available synthetic osteobiologics used in spine surgery.
骨生物材料在骨科和脊柱手术中越来越多地被用于促进骨愈合和预防骨不连。合成骨生物材料是在实验室中制造的人工材料，旨在复制骨的天然成分和功能。磷酸钙和硫酸钙等著名材料经过设计，以模仿骨的矿物质成分。它们模拟人体骨功能，具有骨传导性、骨诱导性和成骨特性。这些特性促进细胞附着、迁移、募集和分化。因此，合成骨生物材料（骨传导性移植物）已被引入骨折修复。合成骨生物材料在脊柱手术中的主要优势在于提高融合率和临床疗效。商业生物材料领域有超过350种骨替代材料，随着亚型的发展，这个数字还在呈指数级增长。然而，这些产品的激增主要由医疗器械行业和非学术实体推动，同时伴随着大量实证数据的匮乏。这一缺陷凸显了进行严格审查和研究以建立其使用坚实基础的迫切需求。医疗保健专业人员需要在大型前瞻性研究中进行高质量研究，并进行令人满意的随访，以解释和比较骨生物材料的性能。特别有必要研究在脊柱手术中使用这些材料的额外成本。在本综述中，我们概述了目前在脊柱手术中使用的合成骨生物材料。
