Siddiqui Nauman A, Narang Shiva, Aggarwal Amitesh, Gupta Richa, Goel Vrinda
Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, IND.
Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Feb 16;17(2):e79093. doi: 10.7759/cureus.79093. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a significant global health concern, with its associated complications imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. While it is widely recognized as a complex metabolic disorder, the understanding of its pathophysiology continues to evolve, leading to the identification of various diabetes subtypes and their diverse clinical presentations. Despite extensive research, the impact of diabetes on platelet function remains a lesser explored domain.
We conducted a case-control study to investigate the variation of platelet indices in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to healthy controls. Our study, conducted at a tertiary care facility in the national capital region, aimed to identify potential prognostic markers and explore the utility of platelet indices in predicting diabetic complications. A total of 230 participants, including 115 T2DM cases and 115 age and sex-matched healthy controls, were enrolled in the study. Baseline investigations, including hemogram and platelet indices, were performed and statistical analyses were conducted to compare the results between the two groups.
Significant differences were found in platelet parameters between T2DM cases and controls, with elevated levels observed in individuals with T2DM. Immature platelet fraction (IPF), mean platelet volume, plateletcrit, platelet distribution width, platelet large cell count, and platelet large cell ratio were among the parameters that were significantly elevated in individuals with T2DM. Furthermore, IPF emerged as a promising biomarker, demonstrating excellent diagnostic performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.941. A cutoff value of IPF (%) ≥9.6 showed high sensitivity (86%) and specificity (95%) in distinguishing T2DM cases from controls.
Our study provides novel insights into the relationship between platelet indices and T2DM, highlighting the potential utility of IPF as a prognostic marker in diabetic individuals. These findings warrant further investigation in larger cohorts and prospective studies to validate the proposed cutoff values and explore their clinical and therapeutic implications in the management of T2DM and delaying its complications.
糖尿病（DM）已成为全球重大的健康问题，其相关并发症给全球医疗系统带来了沉重负担。虽然它被广泛认为是一种复杂的代谢紊乱疾病，但对其病理生理学的理解仍在不断发展，这导致了各种糖尿病亚型及其不同临床表现的识别。尽管进行了广泛研究，但糖尿病对血小板功能的影响仍是一个较少探索的领域。
我们进行了一项病例对照研究，以调查2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者与健康对照者血小板指标的差异。我们在国家首都地区的一家三级医疗机构进行了这项研究，旨在识别潜在的预后标志物，并探讨血小板指标在预测糖尿病并发症方面的效用。共有230名参与者，包括115例T2DM患者和115名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者，被纳入研究。进行了包括血常规和血小板指标在内的基线调查，并进行了统计分析以比较两组结果。
T2DM患者与对照组之间的血小板参数存在显著差异，T2DM患者的水平升高。未成熟血小板分数（IPF）、平均血小板体积、血小板压积、血小板分布宽度、血小板大细胞计数和血小板大细胞比率等参数在T2DM患者中显著升高。此外，IPF成为一个有前景的生物标志物，其ROC曲线下面积为0.941，显示出优异的诊断性能。IPF（%）≥9.6的临界值在区分T2DM患者与对照组时具有高敏感性（86%）和特异性（95%）。
我们的研究为血小板指标与T2DM之间的关系提供了新的见解，突出了IPF作为糖尿病个体预后标志物的潜在效用。这些发现值得在更大的队列和前瞻性研究中进一步调查，以验证所提出的临界值，并探讨它们在T2DM管理及其并发症延迟方面的临床和治疗意义。
