Moroudi Reihane Seifi, Mahboudi Hossein, Mahboudi Fereidoun
Taraz Behstour Daylaman horse stud farm, Karaj, Iran.
Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 Mar;11(2):e70300. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70300.
The Dareshouri horse breed is one of Iran's native equine breeds, originating from the Dareshouri tribe, a subgroup of the Qashqai nomads. This breed has a history spanning over 500 years. Horses of this breed have smooth nates, tall stature, raised tails and strong skeletal muscles. This is the first study to investigate the effect of genetics on athletic performance in the Dareshouri breed.
For this purpose, in this study, the genotype combination of two important variants, including the rs397152648Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and Short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) insertion, was surveyed to study the effect of selection on MSTN gene mutations in this breed.
The result displayed absence of SINE insertion and high frequency of the "C" allele in Myostatin gene (MSTN) gene in all studied horses. Considering the importance of the presence and high frequency of the rs397152648 SNP and its relationship with the low expression of equine Myostatin, the muscle mass ratio, and speed performance, this evidence confirms that the Dareshouri breed has the genetic potential to cover the race distance in a shorter time.
Given the absence of genetics studies on this valuable Iranian breed, these findings represent an important contribution to the characterisation of this breed and clearly indicate an occasion for Dareshouri horsebreeders, owners, and trainers to recognise the genetic potential of their horse to make the best decisions in breeding, selection, training and racing to improve the horse's performance.
达雷肖里马品种是伊朗本土马品种之一，起源于卡什卡伊游牧民族的一个分支达雷肖里部落。该品种有超过500年的历史。这个品种的马臀部光滑、身材高大、尾巴翘起且骨骼肌强壮。这是第一项研究遗传学对达雷肖里品种运动性能影响的研究。
为此，在本研究中，调查了两个重要变体的基因型组合，包括rs397152648单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和短散在核元件（SINE）插入，以研究选择对该品种肌肉生长抑制素（MSTN）基因突变的影响。
结果显示，在所有研究的马匹中，肌肉生长抑制素基因（MSTN）中不存在SINE插入，且“C”等位基因频率较高。考虑到rs397152648 SNP的存在及其高频率的重要性，以及它与马肌肉生长抑制素低表达、肌肉质量比和速度性能的关系，这一证据证实，达雷肖里品种具有在更短时间内跑完比赛距离的遗传潜力。
鉴于此前没有对这个珍贵的伊朗马品种进行遗传学研究，这些发现对该品种的特征描述做出了重要贡献，并明确为达雷肖里马的饲养者、所有者和训练师提供了一个契机，使其认识到他们的马的遗传潜力，以便在繁殖、选择、训练和比赛中做出最佳决策，从而提高马的性能。
