Zhang Junhao, Arroyo Junior, Lediju Bell Muyinatu A
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Biomed Opt Express. 2025 Feb 12;16(3):995-1005. doi: 10.1364/BOE.547262. eCollection 2025 Mar 1.
Intraoperative multispectral photoacoustic pathology assessment presents a promising approach to guide biopsy resection. In this study, we developed and validated a novel photoacoustic technique to differentiate between healthy and cancerous tissues. Our method consisted of photoacoustic contrast calculations as a function of wavelength, followed by projections of the resulting spectra from training data into a two-dimensional space using principal component analysis to create representative spectra, then calculation of the average cosine similarity between the spectrum of each pixel in test data and the representative spectra. The test healthy tissue region had a 0.967 mean correlation with the representative healthy tissue spectrum and a lower mean correlation (0.801) with the cancer tissue spectrum. The test cancer tissue region had a 0.954 mean correlation with the cancer tissue spectrum and a lower mean correlation (0.762) with the healthy tissue spectrum. Our method was further validated through qualitative comparison with high-resolution hematoxylin and eosin histopathology scans. Healthy tissue was primarily correlated with the optical absorption of blood (i.e., deoxyhemoglobin), while invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer tissue was primarily correlated with the optical absorption of lipids. Our label-free histopathology approach utilizing multispectral photoacoustic imaging has the potential to enable real-time tumor margin determination during biopsy or surgery.
术中多光谱光声病理学评估为指导活检切除提供了一种很有前景的方法。在本研究中，我们开发并验证了一种用于区分健康组织和癌组织的新型光声技术。我们的方法包括：根据波长计算光声对比度，然后使用主成分分析将训练数据所得光谱投影到二维空间以创建代表性光谱，接着计算测试数据中每个像素的光谱与代表性光谱之间的平均余弦相似度。测试的健康组织区域与代表性健康组织光谱的平均相关性为0.967，与癌组织光谱的平均相关性较低（0.801）。测试的癌组织区域与癌组织光谱的平均相关性为0.954，与健康组织光谱的平均相关性较低（0.762）。通过与高分辨率苏木精和伊红组织病理学扫描进行定性比较，我们的方法得到了进一步验证。健康组织主要与血液（即脱氧血红蛋白）的光吸收相关，而浸润性导管癌组织主要与脂质的光吸收相关。我们利用多光谱光声成像的无标记组织病理学方法有可能在活检或手术期间实现实时肿瘤边缘确定。
