Leider Jonathon P, Balio Casey P, Hogg-Graham Rachel, Weiss Nicole M, Vogel Abby, Onal Sezen O, Zang Xiao, Kett Paula, Edmonds Joyce, Karnik Harshada, Dockery Nathan, Joseph Bibin, Pak Morgan, Thomas Amy Belflower, Bekemeier Betty
Jonathon P. Leider, Nicole M. Weiss, Abby Vogel, Sezen O. Onal, Xiao Zang, Harshada Karnik, Bibin Joseph, and Morgan Pak are with the Center for Public Health Systems, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis. Casey P. Balio and Nathan Dockery are with the Center for Rural Health Research, Department of Health Services Management and Policy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City. Rachel Hogg-Graham is with the College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Paula Kett and Betty Bekemeier are with the Center for Health Workforce Studies, University of Washington, Seattle. Joyce Edmonds is with the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Amy Belflower Thomas is with the Public Health Accreditation Board, Alexandria, VA.
Am J Public Health. 2025 May;115(5):707-715. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307960. Epub 2025 Mar 20.
To expand on previous enumerations by assessing the size and composition of the governmental public health workforce in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying workforce trends, occupational distributions, and potential gaps in staffing. From 2023 to 2024, using 2022 data in the United States, we conducted 3 distinct analyses: (1) estimating the total workforce size, (2) profiling occupation-specific distributions, and (3) evaluating the role and prevalence of public health nurses using novel data sources. For total counts, we used multiple imputation by chained equations to develop robust agency-level estimates and address missingness from multiple data sets. State and local public health agencies grew to approximately 239 000 staff in 2022, up from an estimated 206 500 in 2019. The largest occupation groups included office and administrative support workers (37 576) and public health or community health nurses (29 387). We found that 73 478 (1.8%) of registered nurses nationwide served in governmental public health roles. The size of the workforce during the COVID-19 response has returned to 2008 levels although temporary staff largely constitute the increase. An undersized workforce leaves the United States vulnerable to future disasters and current challenges. (. 2025;115(5):707-715. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307960).
为了在新冠疫情之后评估政府公共卫生工作人员的规模和构成，以扩展先前的统计，识别工作人员趋势、职业分布以及人员配置方面的潜在差距。2023年至2024年期间，我们利用美国2022年的数据进行了3项不同分析：（1）估算工作人员总数；（2）描绘特定职业分布；（3）利用新数据源评估公共卫生护士的作用和占比。对于总数统计，我们使用链式方程多重填补法来得出可靠的机构层面估算，并处理多个数据集的缺失数据。州和地方公共卫生机构的工作人员在2022年增至约23.9万人，高于2019年的约20.65万人。最大的职业群体包括办公室和行政支持人员（37576人）以及公共卫生或社区卫生护士（29387人）。我们发现，全国73478名注册护士（占1.8%）担任政府公共卫生岗位。尽管新增人员主要是临时工作人员，但新冠疫情应对期间的工作人员规模已恢复到2008年的水平。人员规模不足使美国在面对未来灾难和当前挑战时不堪一击。（《美国公共卫生杂志》. 2025年；115(5):707 - 715. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307960）
