Alagarsamy Keshav Narayan, Saleth Leena Regi, Sekaran Saravanan, Fusco Laura, Delogu Lucia Gemma, Pogorielov Maksym, Yilmazer Açelya, Dhingra Sanjiv
Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada.
Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute for Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
Bioact Mater. 2025 Mar 3;48:583-608. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.01.035. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Nanomaterials with electroactive properties have taken a big leap for tissue repair and regeneration due to their unique physiochemical properties and biocompatibility. MXenes, an emerging class of electroactive materials have generated considerable interest for their biomedical applications from bench to bedside. Recently, the application of these two-dimensional wonder materials have been extensively investigated in the areas of biosensors, bioimaging and repair of electroactive organs, owing to their outstanding electromechanical properties, photothermal capabilities, hydrophilicity, and flexibility. The currently available data reports that there is significant potential to employ MXene nanomaterials for repair, regeneration and functioning of electroactive tissues and organs such as brain, spinal cord, heart, bone, skeletal muscle and skin. The current review is the first report that compiles the most recent advances in the application of MXenes in bioelectronics and the development of biomimetic scaffolds for repair, regeneration and functioning of electroactive tissues and organs including heart, nervous system, skin, bone and skeletal muscle. The content in this article focuses on unique features of MXenes, synthesis process, with emphasis on MXene-based electroactive tissue engineering constructs, biosensors and wearable biointerfaces. Additionally, a section on the future of MXenes is presented with a focus on the clinical applications of MXenes.
具有电活性的纳米材料因其独特的物理化学性质和生物相容性，在组织修复和再生方面取得了重大进展。MXenes是一类新兴的电活性材料，从实验室到临床，其生物医学应用引起了广泛关注。最近，由于其出色的机电性能、光热性能、亲水性和柔韧性，这些二维神奇材料在生物传感器、生物成像和电活性器官修复等领域得到了广泛研究。现有数据表明，利用MXene纳米材料修复、再生和恢复脑、脊髓、心脏、骨骼、骨骼肌和皮肤等电活性组织和器官的功能具有巨大潜力。本综述是第一篇汇总MXenes在生物电子学中的最新应用进展以及用于心脏、神经系统、皮肤、骨骼和骨骼肌等电活性组织和器官修复、再生及功能恢复的仿生支架开发情况的报告。本文内容聚焦于MXenes的独特特性、合成过程，重点介绍基于MXene的电活性组织工程构建体、生物传感器和可穿戴生物界面。此外，还介绍了MXenes的未来发展，重点关注其临床应用。
