Li Ping, Wang Jing, Zhang Qimin, Yu Anmin, Sun Rui, Liu Aizhong
Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China (Ministry of Education), College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.
BMC Genomics. 2025 Mar 24;26(1):287. doi: 10.1186/s12864-025-11456-6.
Histone H1s are basic nuclear proteins, which played key role in the binding of DNA and nucleosome, eventually the stability of eukaryotic chromatin. In most species, H1s possess an evolutionarily conserved nucleosome-DNA binding globular domain (GH1), which is conserved between species, especially in mammals. However, there is limited information on the phylogeny, structure and function of H1s in poplar. In the present research, 21 GH1-containing proteins found in Populus trichocarpa were classified into three subgroups (H1s, Myb (SANK) GH1 and AT-hook GH1) based on their domains. The Populus H1 proteins contained lysine-rich N-, C-terminal tails and a conserved GH1 domain, particularly the characteristic amino acids in the helix and strand structures of the five H1 subtypes. The phylogenetic and structure diversity analysis of GH1 proteins across different Populus species and model plants revealed three conserved subgroups with characteristic amino acids. The variation in the number of members across the five subtypes was consistent with the evolutionary relationships among Populus species. The conserved characteristic amino acids among same Populus subtype can be served as markers for subtype identification. Furthermore, the abundance analysis of H1s in Populus indicated their unique functions in young tissues and stages, which may be related to DNA methylation. The consistent expression pattern of H1 across Populus species was in accordance with collinearity pairs. Present analyses provided valuable information on the diversity and evolution of H1s in Populus, advocating further research of H1s in plants.
组蛋白H1是碱性核蛋白，在DNA与核小体的结合以及真核染色质的稳定性方面发挥着关键作用。在大多数物种中，H1具有进化上保守的核小体 - DNA结合球状结构域（GH1），该结构域在物种间保守，尤其是在哺乳动物中。然而，关于杨树中H1的系统发育、结构和功能的信息有限。在本研究中，根据其结构域，将毛果杨中发现的21种含GH1的蛋白质分为三个亚组（H1、Myb（SANK）GH1和AT - hook GH1）。杨树H1蛋白含有富含赖氨酸的N端和C端尾巴以及一个保守的GH1结构域，特别是五种H1亚型的螺旋和链结构中的特征性氨基酸。对不同杨树物种和模式植物中GH1蛋白的系统发育和结构多样性分析揭示了具有特征性氨基酸的三个保守亚组。五个亚型成员数量的变化与杨树物种间的进化关系一致。同一杨树亚型中保守的特征性氨基酸可作为亚型鉴定的标记。此外，杨树中H1的丰度分析表明它们在幼嫩组织和阶段具有独特功能，这可能与DNA甲基化有关。杨树物种间H1的一致表达模式与共线性对一致。目前的分析为杨树中H1的多样性和进化提供了有价值的信息，提倡对植物中的H1进行进一步研究。
