National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao 276800, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 15;22(22):12336. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212336.
Gibberellic acid-stimulated (GASA) proteins, as cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs), play roles in development and reproduction and biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the gene family has been identified in plants, the knowledge about GASAs in , the woody model plant for studying abiotic stress, remains limited. Here, we referenced the well-sequenced genome, and identified the GASAs in the whole genome of and . 21 candidate genes in and 19 candidate genes in were identified and categorized into three subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. Most GASAs with signal peptides were located extracellularly. The genes in have experienced multiple gene duplication events, especially in the subfamily A. The evolution of the subfamily A, with the largest number of members, can be attributed to whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem duplication (TD). Collinearity analysis showed that WGD genes played a leading role in the evolution of genes subfamily B. The expression patterns of and were investigated using the PlantGenIE database and the real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. genes in and were mainly expressed in young tissues and organs, and almost rarely expressed in mature leaves. genes in leaves were also widely involved in hormone responses and drought stress responses. GUS activity assay showed that PeuGASA15 was widely present in various organs of the plant, especially in vascular bundles, and was induced by auxin and inhibited by mannitol dramatically. In summary, this present study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the function of genes in .
赤霉素刺激蛋白(GASA)作为富含半胱氨酸的肽(CRPs),在发育和生殖以及生物和非生物胁迫中发挥作用。尽管在植物中已经鉴定出了基因家族,但对于木本模式植物研究非生物胁迫的,GASAs 的知识仍然有限。在这里,我们参考了测序良好的基因组,并在和的全基因组中鉴定了 GASAs。在和中鉴定出 21 个候选基因和 19 个候选基因,并通过系统发育分析将它们分为三个亚家族。大多数具有信号肽的 GASAs位于细胞外。中的基因经历了多次基因复制事件,特别是在亚家族 A 中。具有最大数量成员的亚家族 A 的进化可以归因于全基因组复制(WGD)和串联复制(TD)。共线性分析表明,WGD 基因在亚家族 B 基因的进化中起主导作用。使用 PlantGenIE 数据库和实时定量 PCR(qRT-PCR)分别研究了和的表达模式。和中的基因主要在年轻组织和器官中表达,在成熟叶片中几乎很少表达。中的基因也广泛参与激素反应和干旱胁迫反应。GUS 活性测定表明,PeuGASA15 广泛存在于植物的各种器官中,特别是在维管束中,并且被生长素强烈诱导,甘露醇显著抑制。总之,本研究为进一步研究在中的功能提供了理论基础。