Paul Tamal K, Khaleque Md Abdul, Ali Md Romzan, Aly Saad Aly Mohamed, Bacchu Md Sadek, Rahman Saidur, Khan Md Zaved H
Laboratory of Nano-Bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh.
RSC Adv. 2025 Mar 24;15(12):8948-8976. doi: 10.1039/d5ra00271k. eCollection 2025 Mar 21.
MXenes, which are essentially 2D layered structures composed of transition metal carbides and nitrides obtained from MAX phases, have gained substantial interest in the field of energy storage, especially for their potential as electrodes in supercapacitors due to their unique properties such as high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and tunable surface chemistry that enable efficient charge storage. However, their practical implementation is hindered by challenges like self-restacking, oxidation, and restricted ion transport within the layered structure. This review focuses on the synthesis process of MXenes from MAX phases, highlighting the different etching techniques employed and how they significantly influence the resulting MXene structure and subsequent electrochemical performance. It further highlights the hybridization of MXenes with carbon-based materials, conducting polymers, and metal oxides to enhance charge storage capacity, cyclic stability, and ion diffusion. The influence of dimensional structuring (1D, 2D, and 3D architectures) on electrochemical performance is critically analyzed, showcasing their role in optimizing electrolyte accessibility and energy density. Additionally, the review highlights that while MXene-based supercapacitors have seen significant advancements in terms of energy storage efficiency through various material combinations and fabrication techniques, key challenges like large-scale production, long-term stability, and compatibility with electrolytes still need to be addressed. Future research should prioritize developing scalable synthesis methods, optimizing hybrid material interactions, and investigating new electrolyte systems to fully realize the potential of MXene-based supercapacitors for commercial applications. This comprehensive review provides a roadmap for researchers aiming to bridge the gap between laboratory research and commercial supercapacitor applications.
MXenes是由MAX相获得的过渡金属碳化物和氮化物组成的二维层状结构，在储能领域引起了广泛关注，特别是因其具有高电导率、大表面积和可调节表面化学性质等独特性能，能够实现高效电荷存储，因而有望成为超级电容器的电极材料。然而，其实际应用受到诸如自堆叠、氧化以及层状结构内离子传输受限等挑战的阻碍。本文综述聚焦于从MAX相合成MXenes的过程，重点介绍了所采用的不同蚀刻技术以及它们如何显著影响所得MXene的结构和后续的电化学性能。此外，还强调了MXenes与碳基材料、导电聚合物和金属氧化物的杂化，以提高电荷存储容量、循环稳定性和离子扩散。文中对维度结构（一维、二维和三维结构）对电化学性能的影响进行了批判性分析，展示了它们在优化电解质可达性和能量密度方面的作用。此外，综述还指出，尽管基于MXene的超级电容器通过各种材料组合和制造技术在储能效率方面取得了显著进展，但大规模生产、长期稳定性以及与电解质的兼容性等关键挑战仍有待解决。未来的研究应优先开发可扩展的合成方法、优化混合材料相互作用并研究新型电解质系统，以充分实现基于MXene的超级电容器在商业应用中的潜力。这篇全面的综述为旨在弥合实验室研究与商业超级电容器应用之间差距的研究人员提供了路线图。
