Testa Gabriele, Conti Carlo, Dohin Isabelle, Arcuri Mara, Modesti Claudia Lodovica, Marazzi Elisa, Buffoli Barbara, Rezzani Rita, Mattavelli Davide, Zorzi Silvia, Borsetto Daniele, Tomasoni Michele, Rampinelli Vittorio, Piazza Cesare
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Unit of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2025 Mar 26. doi: 10.1007/s00405-025-09300-4.
Optical magnification is crucial in ear surgery, ensuring the precise identification of anatomical structures. Traditionally, microscopes have been the standard due to their magnification and stereoscopic capabilities. However, the introduction of exoscopes has introduced new possibilities, particularly in ergonomics, teaching, collaboration, and surgical training. This cadaveric study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and trainee performance when using the exoscope in ear dissection and to compare it with the traditional microscope.
This study involved 10 non-expert medical trainees who undertook a series of surgical tasks on cadaveric specimens using both the microscope and exoscope. The tasks included different surgical approach simulations and exercises. NASA Task Load Index and a Visual Analog Scale questionnaires were administered to assess participants' subjective experiences with each instrument.
All participants successfully completed the assigned tasks with both the microscope and exoscope. While there were no significant differences in the timing of surgical steps between the two instruments, participants perceived the microscope as less physically demanding and temporally taxing, while the exoscope excelled in structural identification and offered benefits for teaching and collaboration.
The choice between microscope and exoscope should be guided by the specific surgical demands, educational context, and preferences of the team. While the microscope excels in flexibility, the exoscope provides advantages in structural identification and collaborative learning, making it a valuable tool in ear surgery. This study contributes valuable insights for otological surgeons and educators to optimize surgical outcomes and learning experiences of trainees.
光学放大在耳外科手术中至关重要，可确保精确识别解剖结构。传统上，显微镜因其放大倍数和立体视觉能力一直是标准设备。然而，外视镜的引入带来了新的可能性，特别是在人体工程学、教学、协作和手术培训方面。这项尸体研究旨在评估在耳解剖中使用外视镜的可行性、有效性和学员表现，并将其与传统显微镜进行比较。
本研究纳入了10名非专业医学学员，他们使用显微镜和外视镜在尸体标本上进行了一系列手术任务。这些任务包括不同的手术入路模拟和练习。使用美国国家航空航天局任务负荷指数和视觉模拟量表问卷来评估参与者对每种仪器的主观体验。
所有参与者使用显微镜和外视镜都成功完成了指定任务。虽然两种仪器在手术步骤的时间上没有显著差异，但参与者认为显微镜对身体的要求和时间消耗较低，而外视镜在结构识别方面表现出色，并在教学和协作方面具有优势。
在显微镜和外视镜之间的选择应根据具体的手术需求、教育背景和团队偏好来指导。虽然显微镜在灵活性方面表现出色，但外视镜在结构识别和协作学习方面具有优势，使其成为耳外科手术中的一种有价值的工具。这项研究为耳科外科医生和教育工作者优化手术结果和学员的学习体验提供了有价值的见解。
