Karanam Sita Kumari, Nagvishnu Kandra, Uppala Praveen Kumar, Edhi Sandhya, Varri Srinivasa Rao
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Maharajah's College of Pharmacy, Vizianagaram 535002, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal 518501, Andhra Pradesh, India.
World J Virol. 2025 Mar 25;14(1):100003. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.100003.
The dangerous Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), an encapsulated negative-sense RNA virus of the family Nairoviridae, is transmitted from person to person ticks. With a case fatality rate between 10% to 40%, the most common ways that the disease may spread to humans are tick bites or coming into touch with infected animals' blood or tissues. Furthermore, the transfer of bodily fluids between individuals is another potential route of infection. There is a wide range of symptoms experienced by patients throughout each stage, from myalgia and fever to extreme bruising and excess bleeding. Tick management measures include minimising the spread of ticks from one species to another and from people to animals the use of protective clothing, repellents, and proper animal handling. In order to prevent the spread of illness, healthcare workers must adhere to stringent protocols. Despite the lack of an authorised vaccine, the main components of treatment now consist of preventative measures and supportive care, which may include the antiviral medicine ribavirin. We still don't know very much about the virus's mechanisms, even though advances in molecular virology and animal models have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of CCHFV. A critical need for vaccination that is both safe and effective, as well as for quick diagnosis and efficient treatments to lessen the disease's impact in areas where it is most prevalent. Important steps towards lowering Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever mortality and morbidity rates were to anticipatethe future availability of immunoglobulin products.
危险的克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）是内罗病毒科的一种有包膜的负链RNA病毒，通过蜱在人与人之间传播。该疾病的病死率在10%至40%之间，它传播给人类最常见的途径是蜱叮咬或接触受感染动物的血液或组织。此外，个体之间的体液转移是另一条潜在的感染途径。患者在各个阶段会出现广泛的症状，从肌痛和发热到严重的瘀伤和出血过多。蜱虫管理措施包括尽量减少蜱虫在物种之间以及从人到动物的传播，使用防护服、驱虫剂以及正确处理动物。为了防止疾病传播，医护人员必须遵守严格的规程。尽管缺乏授权疫苗，但目前治疗的主要组成部分包括预防措施和支持性护理，这可能包括抗病毒药物利巴韦林。尽管分子病毒学和动物模型的进展增进了我们对CCHFV发病机制的理解，但我们对该病毒的机制仍然了解甚少。迫切需要安全有效的疫苗，以及快速诊断和有效治疗方法，以减轻该疾病在最流行地区的影响。降低克里米亚-刚果出血热死亡率和发病率的重要步骤是预期未来免疫球蛋白产品的可用性。
