Upadhyaya Subina, Sucksdorff Dan, Koskela Miina, Cheslack-Postava Keely, Brown Alan S, Sourander Andre
Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Psychol Med. 2025 Mar 26;55:e96. doi: 10.1017/S0033291725000662.
Limited studies have examined the association between the whole range of parental psychopathology and offspring major depression (MD). No previous study has examined this association by age of onset of offspring MD, or restricting to parental psychiatric diagnoses before offspring birth.
This nested case-control study included 37,677 cases of MD and 145,068 controls, identified from Finnish national registers. Conditional logistic regression models examined the association between parental psychopathology and MD, adjusting for potential confounders.
Increased risk of MD, expressed as adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (aOR [95% CI]) were most strongly observed for maternal diagnoses of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (2.51 [2.24-2.82]) and depression (2.19 [2.11-2.28]), and paternal diagnoses of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (2.0 [1.75-2.29]) and conduct disorders (1.90 [1.40-2.59]). The aORs for any psychiatric diagnosis were (2.66 [2.54-2.78]) for mothers, (1.95 [1.86-2.04]) for fathers, and (4.50 [4.24-4.79]) for both parents. When both parents had any psychiatric diagnosis, the highest risk was for MD diagnosed at the age of 5-12 years (7.66 [6.60-8.89]); versus at 13-18 years (4.13 [3.85-4.44]) or 19-25 years (3.37 [2.78-4.07]). A stronger association with parental psychopathology and offspring MD was seen among boys than girls, especially among 13-19 years and 19-25 years.
Parental psychiatric disorders, including those diagnosed before offspring birth, were associated with offspring MD, indicating potential genetic and environmental factors in the development of the disorder.
仅有有限的研究探讨了父母心理病理学的全谱与后代重度抑郁症（MD）之间的关联。此前尚无研究按后代MD的发病年龄来考察这种关联，或限定为后代出生前的父母精神疾病诊断。
这项巢式病例对照研究纳入了从芬兰国家登记册中确定的37677例MD病例和145068例对照。条件逻辑回归模型考察了父母心理病理学与MD之间的关联，并对潜在混杂因素进行了调整。
以调整后的优势比和95%置信区间（aOR [95% CI]）表示，MD风险增加在以下情况中最为显著：母亲被诊断为精神分裂症和分裂情感性障碍（2.51 [2.24 - 2.82]）以及抑郁症（2.19 [2.11 - 2.28]），父亲被诊断为精神分裂症和分裂情感性障碍（2.0 [1.75 - 2.29]）以及品行障碍（1.90 [1.40 - 2.59]）。母亲任何精神疾病诊断的aOR为（2.66 [2.54 - 2.78]），父亲为（1.95 [1.86 - 2.04]），父母双方均有精神疾病诊断时为（4.50 [4.24 - 4.79]）。当父母双方均有任何精神疾病诊断时，5 - 12岁诊断为MD的风险最高（7.66 [6.60 - 8.89]）；相比之下，13 - 18岁时为（4.13 [3.85 - 4.44]），19 - 25岁时为（3.37 [2.78 - 4.07]）。男孩中父母心理病理学与后代MD的关联比女孩更强，尤其是在13 - 19岁和19 - 25岁的男孩中。
父母的精神疾病，包括在后代出生前被诊断出的疾病，与后代MD有关，这表明该疾病发展过程中存在潜在的遗传和环境因素。
