Lio Elia, Esposito Carlo, Paini Jacopo, Gandolfi Stefano, Secundo Francesco, Ottolina Gianluca
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Metabolites. 2025 Mar 20;15(3):212. doi: 10.3390/metabo15030212.
Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae using agro-industrial by-products as supplements offers a sustainable strategy to enhance biomass production and bioactive compound synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different agro-industrial by-products-orange peel extract, macroalgal hydrolysate, and solid-state fungal fermentation hydrolysate-on the growth and bioactivity of . Microalgae were cultivated under mixotrophic conditions with different agro-industrial by-products as organic carbon sources. Biomass accumulation was monitored through dry weight measurements. Lipid extraction was carried out using dimethyl carbonate. The antimicrobial activity of the extracted compounds was assessed against , , and by determining the minimal inhibitconcentrations. Orange peel extract supplementation resulted in the highest biomass production. It increased dry weight by 13.86-fold compared to autotrophic conditions. macroalgal hydrolysate followed with a 5.79-fold increase, and solid-state fungal fermentation hydrolysate showed a 4.14-fold increase. The lipophilic fraction extracted from microalgal biomass showed high yields. Orange peel extract supplementation achieved the highest extraction yield (274.36 mg/g DW). Antimicrobial activity varied based on the supplement used: biomass cultivated with orange peel extract exhibited superior activity against , whereas macroalgal hydrolysate biomass demonstrated potent activity against (MIC: 5.67 g/mL). : These findings underscore the potential of agro-industrial by-products for enhancing microalgal biomass and metabolite production. The observed antimicrobial properties highlight the application of microalgal-derived compounds in sustainable bioprocesses, supporting their use in pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.
利用农业工业副产品作为补充剂进行微藻的混合营养培养，为提高生物量产量和生物活性化合物合成提供了一种可持续策略。本研究旨在评估不同农业工业副产品——橙皮提取物、大型海藻水解物和固态真菌发酵水解物——对微藻生长和生物活性的影响。微藻在混合营养条件下，以不同农业工业副产品作为有机碳源进行培养。通过干重测量监测生物量积累。使用碳酸二甲酯进行脂质提取。通过测定最小抑菌浓度，评估提取化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌活性。添加橙皮提取物导致生物量产量最高。与自养条件相比，干重增加了13.86倍。大型海藻水解物其次，增加了5.79倍，固态真菌发酵水解物增加了4.14倍。从微藻生物量中提取的亲脂性部分产量很高。添加橙皮提取物的提取率最高（274.36 mg/g干重）。抗菌活性因所用补充剂而异：用橙皮提取物培养的生物量对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出优异的活性，而大型海藻水解物生物量对大肠杆菌表现出强效活性（MIC：5.67μg/mL）。研究结果强调了农业工业副产品在提高微藻生物量和代谢产物产量方面的潜力。观察到的抗菌特性突出了微藻衍生化合物在可持续生物过程中的应用，支持它们在制药和生物技术应用中的使用。
