Espitia-Pérez Pedro, Espitia-Pérez Lyda, Peñata-Taborda Ana, Brango Hugo, Pastor-Sierra Karina, Galeano-Páez Claudia, Arteaga-Arroyo Gean, Humanez-Alvarez Alicia, Rodríguez Díaz Ruber, Salas Osorio Javier, Valderrama Luís Armando, Saint'Pierre Tatiana Dillenburg
Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sinú, Montería 230001, Colombia.
Facultad de Educación y Ciencias, Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700003, Colombia.
Toxics. 2025 Mar 11;13(3):202. doi: 10.3390/toxics13030202.
This study evaluates DNA damage and multi-element exposure in populations from La Mojana, a region of North Colombia heavily impacted by artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). DNA damage markers from the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay, including micronucleated binucleated cells (MNBN), nuclear buds (NBUDs) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), were assessed in 71 exposed individuals and 37 unexposed participants. Exposed individuals had significantly higher MNBN frequencies (PR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02-1.57, = 0.039). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the "Soil-Derived Mining-Associated Elements" (PC1), including V, Fe, Al, Co, Ba, Se and Mn, as being strongly associated with high MNBN frequencies in the exposed population (PR = 10.45, 95% CI: 9.75-12.18, < 0.001). GAMLSS modeling revealed non-linear effects of PC1, with greater increases in MNBN at higher concentrations, especially in exposed individuals. These results highlight the dual role of essential and toxic elements, with low concentrations being potentially protective but higher concentrations increasing genotoxicity. Women consistently exhibited higher MNBN frequencies than men, suggesting sex-specific susceptibilities. This study highlights the compounded risks of chronic metal exposure in mining-impacted regions and underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate genotoxic risks in vulnerable populations.
本研究评估了来自北哥伦比亚拉莫哈纳地区人群的DNA损伤和多元素暴露情况，该地区受到个体和小规模金矿开采（ASGM）的严重影响。在71名暴露个体和37名未暴露参与者中，评估了来自胞质分裂阻滞微核细胞组（CBMN-Cyt）检测的DNA损伤标志物，包括微核双核细胞（MNBN）、核芽（NBUDs）和核质桥（NPB）。暴露个体的MNBN频率显著更高（PR = 1.26，95%CI：1.02 - 1.57， = 0.039）。主成分分析（PCA）确定“土壤衍生的与采矿相关元素”（PC1），包括V、Fe、Al、Co、Ba、Se和Mn，与暴露人群中高MNBN频率密切相关（PR = 10.45，95%CI：9.75 - 12.18， < 0.001）。GAMLSS建模揭示了PC1的非线性效应，在较高浓度下MNBN增加幅度更大，尤其是在暴露个体中。这些结果突出了必需元素和有毒元素的双重作用，低浓度可能具有保护作用，但高浓度会增加遗传毒性。女性的MNBN频率始终高于男性，表明存在性别特异性易感性。本研究强调了采矿影响地区慢性金属暴露的复合风险，并强调迫切需要采取针对性干预措施，以减轻脆弱人群的遗传毒性风险。
