规则修改对青少年足球水平教练所给予反馈类型的影响。
Rule Modification's Effects on the Feedback Type Given by Coaches at Young Football Levels.
作者信息
Martinez-Jiménez Lidia, Birrento-Aguiar Ricardo André, Marco-Cramer Verónica, Ortega-Toro Enrique
机构信息
Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Santiago de la Ribera, Spain.
Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Santiago de la Ribera, Spain.
出版信息
Sports (Basel). 2025 Feb 20;13(3):63. doi: 10.3390/sports13030063.
BACKGROUND
An adapted competition should create a favourable environment to tailor the feedback provided to the needs of young athletes. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of rule modification on the type of feedback given by coaches to young football players.
METHOD
The study sample consisted of four under-10 male coaches from four Spanish teams. The analysis was conducted using a quasi-experimental A-B design, in which two tournaments were played: Tournament 1 with the official Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) rules and Tournament 2 with rule modifications. All the feedback provided by the group of coaches during the two tournaments was recorded, yielding a total of 4.386 for Tournament 1 and 3.728 for Tournament 2.
RESULTS
The results showed that in both tournaments, the predominant feedback from the coaches was individual, prescriptive, affective, and non-valuable. However, they indicated that the orientation of the feedback and its autonomy positively varied during the adapted competition. The data obtained align with the results of other studies on the type of feedback given by coaches, despite some differing from scientific recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that the modified rule competition promoted changes in the type of feedback provided by the coaches.
背景
适应性比赛应营造一个有利环境，以便根据年轻运动员的需求调整所提供的反馈。本研究的目的是分析规则修改对教练给予年轻足球运动员的反馈类型的影响。
方法
研究样本包括来自四支西班牙球队的四名10岁以下男教练。分析采用准实验A - B设计，其中进行了两场比赛：比赛1采用西班牙足球联合会（RFEF）的官方规则，比赛2采用修改后的规则。记录了教练组在两场比赛中提供的所有反馈，比赛1共获得4386条，比赛2共获得3728条。
结果
结果表明，在两场比赛中，教练的主要反馈都是针对个人的、规定性的、情感性的且无价值的。然而，结果表明，在适应性比赛中，反馈的导向及其自主性呈正向变化。尽管有些数据与科学建议不同，但所获得的数据与其他关于教练反馈类型的研究结果一致。
结论
可以得出结论，修改规则的比赛促进了教练提供的反馈类型的变化。
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