Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia 30720, Spain.
Murcia Football Federation (FFRM), Murcia 30008, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 14;17(2):518. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020518.
A player's sports development involves a long process. The modification of rules for youth players seeks to adapt the sport to the child and his/her development. The manipulation of rules affects the technical and tactical skills demonstrated by players and, therefore, their development. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of a reduction in the number of players (from 8 per team to 5 per team), the size of the goal (from 6 × 2 m to 3 × 2 m) and the playing space (from 58 × 38 m to 38 × 20 m), on the technical and tactical actions in youth football players. A quasi-experimental A-B-A design was implemented to assess the effect of the rule changes. The players ( = 40) played three tournaments using two competition formats (official rules, modified rules, and official rules). The results show that the use of the modified rules generated a greater number and variability in the technical-tactical actions, a greater number of actions with teammates in the pass line, a greater continuity in the game, a greater number of attack and defence actions in areas close to the goal, and favours team play. The experimental format fits the players' individual progression better (U-12) as well as the players' and teams' collective development, and it will allow players to evolve from the individual development of previous stages.
球员的运动发展涉及一个漫长的过程。修改青少年球员的规则旨在使运动适应儿童及其发展。规则的操纵会影响球员表现出的技术和战术技能，从而影响他们的发展。本研究的目的是分析减少球员人数（从每队 8 人减少到每队 5 人）、球门大小（从 6×2 米减少到 3×2 米）和比赛空间（从 58×38 米减少到 38×20 米）对青年足球运动员的技术和战术动作的影响。采用准实验 A-B-A 设计来评估规则变化的效果。球员（=40）使用两种比赛形式（正式规则、修改规则和正式规则）参加了三场比赛。结果表明，使用修改后的规则会产生更多和更多变的技术战术动作，更多的队友在传球线上的动作，比赛的连续性更大，在球门附近的区域有更多的攻防动作，并且有利于团队合作。实验形式更适合球员的个人发展（U-12）以及球员和球队的集体发展，并且它将允许球员从以前阶段的个人发展中进化。
