Costinas Codrut, Cotet Liviu Cosmin, Baia Lucian, Habra Naida El, Nodari Luca, Tomasin Patrizia
Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Applied Technologies, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Fântânele 30, RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Mar 11;18(6):1243. doi: 10.3390/ma18061243.
Stone cultural heritage faces significant deterioration from environmental factors, necessitating protective treatments that preserve both functionality and appearance. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was evaluated as a protective coating for both natural and artificially aged Euganean trachyte and Vicenza stone samples. GO was applied as a low-concentration aqueous dispersion (0.5 mg/mL) by brush, and samples were subsequently exposed to UV light for 7 h to simulate weathering. Performance was assessed in accordance with European standards through measurements of water capillary absorption, water vapor permeability, contact angle, and color variation; further characterization was conducted using FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD. Results indicate that GO coatings reduce the water capillary absorption coefficient by up to 49% for Euganean trachyte and 22% for Vicenza stone, while maintaining vapor permeability close to that of untreated samples. Although UV exposure permanently darkens the coating, it slightly enhances hydrophobicity, likely due to differential photoreduction of thin surface layers versus thicker pore-associated GO domains. These findings suggest that, while GO, particularly after UV weathering, shows promise for stone protection, further research is crucial to optimize coating uniformity and assess long-term durability under realistic environmental conditions.
石材文化遗产因环境因素面临严重劣化，因此需要采取保护处理措施来保持其功能性和外观。在本研究中，对氧化石墨烯（GO）作为天然和人工老化的尤加尼安粗面岩及维琴察石材样品的保护涂层进行了评估。通过刷涂的方式将GO以低浓度水分散液（0.5 mg/mL）形式施加，随后将样品暴露于紫外线下7小时以模拟风化作用。依据欧洲标准，通过测量水毛细吸收、水蒸气渗透性、接触角和颜色变化来评估性能；使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）进行进一步表征。结果表明，GO涂层可使尤加尼安粗面岩的水毛细吸收系数降低高达49%，使维琴察石材的降低22%，同时保持水蒸气渗透性与未处理样品相近。尽管紫外线照射会使涂层永久性变黑，但可能由于薄表面层与较厚的与孔隙相关的GO域的光还原差异，其疏水性略有增强。这些发现表明，虽然GO，特别是在紫外线风化后，显示出用于石材保护的潜力，但进一步研究对于优化涂层均匀性以及评估在实际环境条件下的长期耐久性至关重要。
