Schifano Emily, Cavallini Domenico, De Bellis Giovanni, Bracciale Maria Paola, Felici Anna Candida, Santarelli Maria Laura, Sarto Maria Sabrina, Uccelletti Daniela
Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Feb 16;10(2):335. doi: 10.3390/nano10020335.
The colonization of microorganisms and their subsequent interaction with stone substrates under different environmental conditions encourage deterioration of materials by multiple mechanisms resulting in changes in the original color, appearance and durability. One of the emerging alternatives to remedy biodeterioration is nanotechnology, thanks to nanoparticle properties such as small size, no-toxicity, high photo-reactivity, and low impact on the environment. This study highlighted the effects of ZnO-based nanomaterials of two bacteria isolated from the Temple of Concordia (Agrigento's Valley of the Temples in Sicily, Italy) that are involved in biodeterioration processes. The antimicrobial activities of ZnO-nanorods (Zn-NRs) and graphene nanoplatelets decorated with Zn-NRs (ZNGs) were evaluated against the Gram positive and two isolates of the Gram negative . ZNGs demonstrated high antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on several substrates such as stones with different porosity. In the case of ZNGs, a marked time- and dose-dependent bactericidal effect was highlighted against all bacterial species. Therefore, these nanomaterials represent a promising tool for developing biocompatible materials that can be exploited for the conservation of cultural heritage. These nanostructures can be successfully applied without releasing toxic compounds, thus spreading their usability.
微生物的定殖及其在不同环境条件下与石材基质的后续相互作用，通过多种机制促使材料劣化，导致其原始颜色、外观和耐久性发生变化。补救生物劣化的一种新兴替代方法是纳米技术，这得益于纳米颗粒的特性，如尺寸小、无毒、高光反应性以及对环境影响小。本研究突出了两种从协和神庙（意大利西西里岛阿格里真托的神庙谷）分离出的、参与生物劣化过程的细菌受基于氧化锌的纳米材料的影响。评估了氧化锌纳米棒（Zn-NRs）和用Zn-NRs修饰的石墨烯纳米片（ZNGs）对革兰氏阳性菌和两种革兰氏阴性菌分离株的抗菌活性。ZNGs在几种基质上表现出高抗菌和抗生物膜活性，如不同孔隙率的石材。就ZNGs而言，对所有细菌种类均突出显示出明显的时间和剂量依赖性杀菌作用。因此，这些纳米材料是开发可用于文化遗产保护的生物相容性材料的有前途的工具。这些纳米结构可以成功应用而不释放有毒化合物，从而扩大其适用性。
