Ghorbani-Mojarrad Neema, Wolffsohn James S, Craig Jennifer P, Dutta Debarun, Huntjens Byki, Hussain Raheel, Khan Zarghona, Raja Shoaib, Ibrahim Mohammed, Godfrey Thomas, Alderson Alison, Evans Katharine, Joshi Mahesh, Maldonado-Codina Carole, Nagra Manbir, Martin Elidh, Sweeney Laura, Terry Louise, Dunning Dean, Vianya-Estopa Marta
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK.
J Clin Med. 2025 Mar 17;14(6):2022. doi: 10.3390/jcm14062022.
The aim of this study was to compare differences in the physical characteristics of lissamine green (LG) strips and the outcomes of using different staining techniques. Two separate complementary investigations were conducted. Physical study: Differences between four LG strips were evaluated in terms of material, dye concentration, and dye absorption. In vivo study: Bulbar conjunctival staining was compared for four application methods of I-DEW LG strips presented in a randomized order for twenty-two participants: (1) single application 5 s after wetting (also repeated using GreenGlo for comparison), (2) single application using two strips held together, 5 s after wetting, (3) two applications using a single LG strip 5 s after wetting, 1 minute apart, (4) the same as method 3, with a single fluorescein strip in between LG applications. White light imaging was performed immediately following application and after 30, 60, 90, and 300 s. Three masked practitioners independently evaluated the randomized staining images for spot count and staining intensity. Physical study: Strip paper fibres demonstrated visible similarities, with no difference in saline absorption ( > 0.05). LG concentration increased as saline retention duration increased (F = 964.1, < 0.001), and GreenGlo tips were significantly darker (F = 2775.2, < 0.001). In vivo study: I-DEW application resulted in less conjunctival staining than GreenGlo ( < 0.001). Amongst I-DEW application techniques, staining levels were similar ( > 0.05); however, staining intensity was significantly higher following two applications of I-DEW, 1 min apart, compared to a single application ( = 0.042). Both spot count and staining intensity decreased with time ( < 0.001). Two applications of I-DEW using a single strip, 1 min apart, after wetting with a single drop of saline provided maximal staining. There was also a significant difference in staining intensity observed between LG products.
本研究的目的是比较丽丝胺绿（LG）试纸条的物理特性差异以及使用不同染色技术的结果。进行了两项独立的补充研究。物理研究：从材料、染料浓度和染料吸收方面评估了四种LG试纸条之间的差异。体内研究：以随机顺序对22名参与者展示的I-DEW LG试纸条的四种应用方法进行球结膜染色比较：（1）湿润后5秒单次应用（也使用GreenGlo重复进行以作比较），（2）湿润后5秒使用两条试纸条一起单次应用，（3）湿润后5秒使用一条LG试纸条进行两次应用，间隔1分钟，（4）与方法3相同，在LG应用之间使用一条荧光素试纸条。应用后立即以及在30、60、90和300秒后进行白光成像。三名经过盲法培训的从业者独立评估随机染色图像的斑点计数和染色强度。物理研究：试纸条的纸纤维显示出明显的相似性，盐水吸收无差异（>0.05）。LG浓度随盐水保留时间的增加而增加（F = 964.1，<0.001），且GreenGlo试纸条尖端颜色明显更深（F = 2775.2，<0.001）。体内研究：I-DEW应用导致的结膜染色少于GreenGlo（<0.001）。在I-DEW应用技术中，染色水平相似（>0.05）；然而，与单次应用相比，间隔1分钟进行两次I-DEW应用后的染色强度明显更高（=0.042）。斑点计数和染色强度均随时间下降（<0.001）。用一滴盐水湿润后，间隔1分钟使用一条试纸条进行两次I-DEW应用可提供最大染色效果。在LG产品之间观察到的染色强度也存在显著差异。
