Blanco Rancés, Quezada-Romegialli Claudio, Muñoz Juan P
Independent Researcher, Av. Vicuña Mackenna Poniente 6315, La Florida 8240000, Chile.
Plataforma de Monitoreo Genómico y Ambiental, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000007, Chile.
Viruses. 2025 Feb 26;17(3):324. doi: 10.3390/v17030324.
Despite significant advancements in early diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer (BC) remains a major global health challenge. Ongoing research is essential to identify novel risk factors, implement innovative screening programs, and develop personalized treatment approaches. Among the various risk factors, infection with certain oncogenic viruses has emerged as a potential contributor to BC development. Increasing evidence suggests that bovine leukemia virus (BLV) may contribute to zoonotic infections in humans, with a potential role in BC initiation and progression. This review evaluates clinical and experimental data on BLV presence in both malignant and non-malignant breast tissues, exploring potential mechanisms through which BLV may access human breast tissue and contribute to carcinogenesis. Current data reveal a higher prevalence of BLV infection in BC tissues compared to non-tumor tissues, correlating with an increased risk of BC development. In this context, dairy and meat products from BLV-infected animals have been proposed as potential transmission sources. BLV-encoded proteins disrupt key oncogenic pathways, which support their possible role in breast carcinogenesis. However, the interpretation of these findings is limited by potential confounding factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and dietary influences. Further research, including well-controlled epidemiological studies, longitudinal cohorts, and mechanistic investigations into BLV proteins in human breast cells, is necessary to determine its role in BC development.
尽管在早期诊断和治疗方面取得了重大进展，但乳腺癌（BC）仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战。持续的研究对于识别新的风险因素、实施创新的筛查计划以及制定个性化的治疗方法至关重要。在各种风险因素中，某些致癌病毒的感染已成为乳腺癌发展的一个潜在因素。越来越多的证据表明，牛白血病病毒（BLV）可能导致人类的人畜共患感染，在乳腺癌的发生和发展中可能发挥作用。这篇综述评估了关于BLV在恶性和非恶性乳腺组织中存在情况的临床和实验数据，探讨了BLV可能进入人类乳腺组织并促成癌变的潜在机制。目前的数据显示，与非肿瘤组织相比，乳腺癌组织中BLV感染的患病率更高，这与乳腺癌发生风险的增加相关。在这种情况下，来自感染BLV动物的乳制品和肉类产品被认为是潜在的传播源。BLV编码的蛋白质会破坏关键的致癌途径，这支持了它们在乳腺癌发生中可能发挥的作用。然而，这些发现的解释受到潜在混杂因素的限制，如遗传易感性、环境暴露和饮食影响。需要进一步的研究，包括严格控制的流行病学研究、纵向队列研究以及对人类乳腺细胞中BLV蛋白质的机制研究，以确定其在乳腺癌发展中的作用。
