Sankhe Safiétou, Dieng Idrissa, Kane Mouhamed, Diallo Amadou, Ndiaye Ndeye Awa, Top Ndeye Marieme, Dia Moussa, Faye Ousmane, Sall Amadou Alpha, Faye Oumar, Sembene Pape Mbacke, Loucoubar Cheikh, Faye Martin, Diagne Moussa Moise
Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal.
Animal Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal.
Viruses. 2025 Mar 13;17(3):406. doi: 10.3390/v17030406.
Orthobunyaviruses are a diverse group of segmented RNA viruses with significant but underexplored public and veterinary health implications. This study provides a genomic, phylogenetic, and ecological analysis of neglected Orthobunyaviruses using next-generation sequencing and computational predictions. We identified unique phylogenetic relationships, with Tanga virus forming a distinct lineage linked to zoonotic, human-associated, or non-vertebrate viruses across segments. GC content analysis revealed segment-specific patterns: higher GC content in the S segment suggests genomic stability and immune evasion, while lower GC content in the L segment reflects host-vector adaptation. Phylogenetic ties to well-characterized pathogenic viruses, such as Ilesha virus with Cache Valley virus and Bwamba virus with California encephalitis virus, indicate potential neurotropism. Ingwavuma virus clustered with Oropouche virus, suggesting risks of systemic febrile illnesses. Within the Simbu serogroup, Sango and Sabo viruses show teratogenic risks to livestock. Vector and host predictions implicate rodents, artiodactyls, and primates in Orthobunyavirus transmission, emphasizing complex ecological dynamics and zoonotic potential. These findings advance the understanding of Orthobunyavirus diversity, linking genomic features to pathogenicity and ecological adaptation, while providing a foundation for future surveillance and intervention strategies targeting these neglected viruses.
正布尼亚病毒是一类多样的分节段RNA病毒，对公共卫生和兽医健康具有重大但尚未充分探索的影响。本研究利用下一代测序和计算预测方法，对被忽视的正布尼亚病毒进行了基因组、系统发育和生态学分析。我们确定了独特的系统发育关系，坦加病毒在各节段形成了一个与动物源性、人类相关或非脊椎动物病毒相关的独特谱系。GC含量分析揭示了节段特异性模式：S节段较高的GC含量表明基因组稳定性和免疫逃避，而L节段较低的GC含量反映了宿主-载体适应性。与特征明确的致病病毒的系统发育联系，如伊莱沙病毒与卡奇谷病毒以及布万巴病毒与加利福尼亚脑炎病毒的联系，表明存在潜在的嗜神经性。英瓜武马病毒与奥罗普切病毒聚集在一起，提示存在全身性发热疾病的风险。在辛布血清群中，桑戈病毒和萨博病毒对家畜具有致畸风险。载体和宿主预测表明啮齿动物、偶蹄目动物和灵长类动物参与正布尼亚病毒传播，强调了复杂的生态动态和人畜共患病潜力。这些发现推进了对正布尼亚病毒多样性的理解，将基因组特征与致病性和生态适应性联系起来，同时为未来针对这些被忽视病毒的监测和干预策略奠定了基础。
