Hakimzadeh Atena, Hajian Sepideh, Afrakhteh Maryam, Rafiei Fatemeh
Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2025 Feb 28;14:66. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1608_23. eCollection 2025.
The present study determined the effect of extended parallel process model (EPPM) based training on enhancing the physical activity of overweight pregnant women.
This randomized controlled clinical trial examined 100 overweight pregnant women referred to prenatal care clinics in Mahdiye and Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, in August 2022. The participants were assigned into two intervention and control groups through random allocation. The intervention group underwent EPPM-based training three times (18-20, 26-30, and 37-38 weeks of gestation), while the control group received regular prenatal care. The training content and approach were designed and presented based on the four constructs of EPPM, that is, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived efficacy, and perceived self-efficacy. The 32-item Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) was used to measure and compare the participants' four activity types at three rounds (18-20, 26-30, and 37-38 weeks of gestation) and their physical activity calendar in two periods. The data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software at a significance level of < 0.05.
After the educational intervention, the mean physical activity scores of the intervention and control groups were1462.2 ± 477.67and 861 ± 381.29 ( < 0.001; CI = 95%) in the first round, 1278.15 ± 480.31 and 675 ± 375.03 ( < 0.001; CI: 95%) in the second round, respectively. The mean weight gain value in the second trimester equaled 4.09 ± 0.76 and 4.52 ± 0.71for the intervention and the control group, orderly. This difference was significant in the second trimester ( = 0.002) but not in the third. Likewise, a comparative analysis of the neonates' anthropometric indices and prenatal complications revealed no significant differences.
The EPPM-based educational intervention effectively contributes to motivating pregnant women and changing their behavior toward improving their physical activity and can be employed to encourage them to enhance their physical activity during pregnancy.
本研究确定了基于扩展平行过程模型（EPPM）的培训对增强超重孕妇身体活动的影响。
这项随机对照临床试验于2022年8月对100名转诊至马赫迪耶和塔吉里什烈士医院产前保健诊所的超重孕妇进行了检查。通过随机分配将参与者分为干预组和对照组。干预组在妊娠18 - 20周、26 - 30周和37 - 38周接受了三次基于EPPM的培训，而对照组接受常规产前护理。培训内容和方法是基于EPPM的四个构念设计和呈现的，即感知易感性、感知严重性、感知效能和感知自我效能。使用32项妊娠身体活动问卷（PPAQ）在三个阶段（妊娠18 - 20周、26 - 30周和37 - 38周）测量和比较参与者的四种活动类型，并在两个时期比较她们的身体活动日历。数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）16版软件进行分析，显著性水平为<0.05。
教育干预后，干预组和对照组在第一轮的平均身体活动得分分别为1462.2±477.67和861±381.29（<0.001；CI = 95%），在第二轮分别为1278.15±480.31和675±375.03（<0.001；CI：95%）。干预组和对照组在孕中期的平均体重增加值分别为4.09±0.76和4.52±0.71。这种差异在孕中期具有显著性（=0.002），但在孕晚期不显著。同样，对新生儿人体测量指标和产前并发症的比较分析未发现显著差异。
基于EPPM的教育干预有效地促进了孕妇的积极性，并改变了她们的行为以改善身体活动，可用于鼓励她们在孕期增强身体活动。
