Anello KortneJo, Parker Albert E, Porter Lauren, Purevdorj-Gage Laura, Xu Qilong
Arxada LLC, 412 Mt. Kemble Ave Suite 200S, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA.
Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 27;15(1):10535. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-92353-6.
There is an increasing need for reliable methods to measure the reduction of microorganisms during the domestic laundering process. An enhanced throughput (ETP) methodology, an adaptation of the European standard BS EN 17658:2022, was developed as a screening tool for evaluating experimental laundry formulations with improved capacity and efficiency. The modifications include the replacement of a lab-scale tumbling device with a more compact and affordable instrument along with additional procedural modifications to simplify the test procedure without compromising the critical parameters such as mechanical action, bioburden, liquor ratio and soil. The ETP method was utilized to replicate the rinse cycle test from an international ring trial, where the participating laboratories assessed the efficacy of 0.04% Dodecyl dimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) as a benchmark standard. In addition, an experimental formulation was evaluated according to ETP and the full EN standard against the five required microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus hirae and Candida albicans. Overall, the average log reduction values obtained with both the benchmark and experimental formulation did not differ between the two methods. Furthermore, based on the benchmark data, the ETP method consistently showed lower variability within a lab than the EN method, as evaluated in the ring trial. The advantages and weaknesses of ETP as a research screening tool are also discussed in this work.
越来越需要可靠的方法来测量家庭洗涤过程中微生物的减少情况。一种增强通量(ETP)方法,是对欧洲标准BS EN 17658:2022的改编,被开发为一种筛选工具,用于评估具有更高容量和效率的实验性洗衣配方。这些修改包括用一种更紧凑且价格合理的仪器取代实验室规模的翻滚装置,以及进行额外的程序修改,以简化测试程序,同时不影响诸如机械作用、生物负荷、液比和污垢等关键参数。ETP方法被用于复制国际环试中的漂洗循环测试,参与的实验室在该测试中评估了0.04%的十二烷基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)作为基准标准的功效。此外,根据ETP和完整的EN标准,对一种实验配方针对包括铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、海氏肠球菌和白色念珠菌在内的五种所需微生物进行了评估。总体而言,两种方法下基准配方和实验配方获得的平均对数减少值没有差异。此外,根据基准数据,在环试中评估发现,ETP方法在一个实验室内部始终比EN方法显示出更低的变异性。这项工作还讨论了ETP作为一种研究筛选工具的优缺点。